The Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Explosive Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review

Tan, Rachel; Cano, Leire; Lago-Rodríguez, Ángel; Domínguez, Raúl

doi:10.3390/ijerph19020762

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(269 reference statements)

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“…The ergogenic effect of BRJ/NO 3 − supplementation was associated with endurance performance [ 13 ]) with an enhanced economy (reduction in VO 2 at the same intensity [ 14 ]) [ 15 ] and time-to-exhaustion [ 16 , 17 ]; but these ergogenic effects are not only for endurance performance because BRJ is an effective SS for enhancing performance in intermittent high-intensity exercise efforts [ 18 ] and explosive efforts [ 19 ]. Nevertheless, the assessment of the ergogenic effect of BRJ in the female athlete population is scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the assessment of the ergogenic effect of BRJ in the female athlete population is scarce. In this way, a recently published systematic review on this topic showed that female participants represented only ~7% of the sample size [ 19 ]. In addition, only seven studies have analyzed the effect of BRJ on a sample composed exclusively of female athletes [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Beetroot Juice Ingestion on Neuromuscular Performance on Semi-Professional Female Rugby Players: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

López-Samanés

Ramos-Álvarez

Miguel‐Tobal

et al. 2022

Foods

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Purpose: Beetroot juice (BRJ) is considered an ergogenic aid with good to strong evidence for improving human performance in sport modalities with similar demands to rugby. However, most of the studies were realized in male athletes with limited evidence in female athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the acute ingestion of BRJ in female rugby players. Methods: Fourteen semi-professional female rugby players (25.0 ± 3.7 years) belonging to a team from the First Spanish Female Rugby Division participated in this study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups that realized a neuromuscular battery after BRJ (140mL, 12.8 mmol NO3−) or placebo (PLAC, 140 mL, 0.08 mmol NO3−) ingestion on two different days separated by one week between protocols. The neuromuscular test battery consisted of a countermovement jump (CMJ), isometric handgrip strength (i.e., dominant), 10-m and 30-m sprint, agility t-test and Bronco test. Afterwards, participants reported a rate of perception scale (6–20 points) and side effects questionnaire associated with BRJ or PLAC ingestion. Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed in CMJ (7.7%; p = 0.029; ES = 0.62), while no differences were reported in dominant isometric handgrip strength (−1.7%; p = 0.274; ES = −0.20); 10-m and 30-m sprint (0.5–0.8%; p = 0.441–0.588; ES = 0.03–0.18); modified agility t-test (−0.6%; p = 0.503; ES = −0.12) and Bronco test (1.94%; p = 0.459; ES = 0.16). Conclusions: BRJ ingestion could improve neuromuscular performance in the CMJ test, while no differences in sprint (10-m and 30-m sprint test), agility, isometric handgrip strength and endurance performance (i.e., Bronco test) were reported

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Beetroot Juice Ingestion on Neuromuscular Performance on Semi-Professional Female Rugby Players: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

López-Samanés

Ramos-Álvarez

Miguel‐Tobal

et al. 2022

Foods

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Section: Some Evidence To Support Bioavailability Efficacy and Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have indicated that dietary nitrates, typically ingested in the form of beet root juice or nitrate powder, can improve endurance [ 203 ] and explosive exercise capacity [ 204 ]. Recommended dosages generally range between 300–600 mg ingested 1–2 h prior to exercise [ 204 , 205 , 206 ]. Since nitrate can ionically bond to creatine and form a salt (see Figure 12 ), creatine nitrate (CrN) has been developed and marketed as a bioavailable source of creatine for dietary supplements [ 207 ].…”

Section: Some Evidence To Support Bioavailability Efficacy and Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability, Efficacy, Safety, and Regulatory Status of Creatine and Related Compounds: A Critical Review

Kreider

Jäger²,

Purpura³

2022

Nutrients

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In 2011, we published a paper providing an overview about the bioavailability, efficacy, and regulatory status of creatine monohydrate (CrM), as well as other “novel forms” of creatine that were being marketed at the time. This paper concluded that no other purported form of creatine had been shown to be a more effective source of creatine than CrM, and that CrM was recognized by international regulatory authorities as safe for use in dietary supplements. Moreover, that most purported “forms” of creatine that were being marketed at the time were either less bioavailable, less effective, more expensive, and/or not sufficiently studied in terms of safety and/or efficacy. We also provided examples of several “forms” of creatine that were being marketed that were not bioavailable sources of creatine or less effective than CrM in comparative effectiveness trials. We had hoped that this paper would encourage supplement manufacturers to use CrM in dietary supplements given the overwhelming efficacy and safety profile. Alternatively, encourage them to conduct research to show their purported “form” of creatine was a bioavailable, effective, and safe source of creatine before making unsubstantiated claims of greater efficacy and/or safety than CrM. Unfortunately, unsupported misrepresentations about the effectiveness and safety of various “forms” of creatine have continued. The purpose of this critical review is to: (1) provide an overview of the physiochemical properties, bioavailability, and safety of CrM; (2) describe the data needed to substantiate claims that a “novel form” of creatine is a bioavailable, effective, and safe source of creatine; (3) examine whether other marketed sources of creatine are more effective sources of creatine than CrM; (4) provide an update about the regulatory status of CrM and other purported sources of creatine sold as dietary supplements; and (5) provide guidance regarding the type of research needed to validate that a purported “new form” of creatine is a bioavailable, effective and safe source of creatine for dietary supplements. Based on this analysis, we categorized forms of creatine that are being sold as dietary supplements as either having strong, some, or no evidence of bioavailability and safety. As will be seen, CrM continues to be the only source of creatine that has substantial evidence to support bioavailability, efficacy, and safety. Additionally, CrM is the source of creatine recommended explicitly by professional societies and organizations and approved for use in global markets as a dietary ingredient or food additive.

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“…The review showed that the power and velocity of certain explosive resistance exercises, along with sprint time, power output and total work in sprint studies may be affected. 38 A separate meta-analysis has also shown improvements in muscle power with isolated sprints during cycling or isokinetic knee extensions 39 and it is suggested that nitrate and nitrite can be stored in muscle tissue, potentially contributing to these improvements in power observed. 11 , 40 Thus, it seems clear that nitrate supplementation has greater potential to improve performance with higher intensity work under conditions where there is competition between oxygen demand and supply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of nitrate ingestion on high-intensity endurance time-trial performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wong

Sim

Burns

2022

Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness

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The Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Explosive Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 110 publications

Influence of Beetroot Juice Ingestion on Neuromuscular Performance on Semi-Professional Female Rugby Players: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Influence of Beetroot Juice Ingestion on Neuromuscular Performance on Semi-Professional Female Rugby Players: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Bioavailability, Efficacy, Safety, and Regulatory Status of Creatine and Related Compounds: A Critical Review

The effects of nitrate ingestion on high-intensity endurance time-trial performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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