The Effects of Different Types of Maleic Anhydride-Modified Polypropylene on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene-based Wood/Plastic Composites

Murayama, Kazushige; Suzuki, Shuichi; Kojima, Yoshiyuki; Kobori, Hikaru; Ito, Hirokazu; Ogoe, Shinji; Okamoto, Masaki

doi:10.1080/02773813.2018.1432655

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The compatibilizers with higher melt flow properties, i.e., N416 and CM (composed of Fusabond N416 and Entira EP1754), did not provide improvement in the tensility of flexural strength properties. The increase in viscosity of maleic compatibilizers with an increase in molecular weight has been reported by Kazushige et al [40]. As the length of the individual polymer chain is proportional to molecular weight, this indicates that strength properties of the compatibilizer itself with high MFI and low melting temperature are expected to be relatively low on tensile strength and stiffness but higher on impact strength [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Promoting Recycling of Mixed Waste Polymers in Wood-Polymer Composites Using Compatibilizers

Martikka

Kärki

2019

Recycling

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Millions of tons of plastics are produced and consumed annually and should be recycled in a sustainable way. The effects of different compatibilizers on the properties of wood-mixed waste polymer composites are studied to promote recycling of plastics and to determine the potential of using waste plastics in composites. The effect of different addition levels and blending of compatibilizers is examined as well. The studied properties are microstructure, tensile and flexural properties, impact strength, and water absorption and thickness swelling in immersion. The results show that the addition of the selected compatibilizers improved the properties of wood-mixed waste polymer composites remarkably—all the studied mechanical properties and moisture resistance were improved by 50% or more. The effects depend strongly on the level of addition and the compatibilizer used. Findings show that compatibilization provides a feasible means to recycle waste plastics as feedstock for wood–plastic composites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Promoting Recycling of Mixed Waste Polymers in Wood-Polymer Composites Using Compatibilizers

Martikka

Kärki

2019

Recycling

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“…Several studies focused on the choice of the most suitable additives to obtain a product with optimal physical and mechanical performance. The most important additives of WPCs are coupling agents and lubricants [ 48 , 53 , 58 , 61 , 63 , 64 , 67 , 68 , 73 ].…”

Section: Wood Polymer Composites Characterization With Pressure-drmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples are MAH-modified polyethylene (MAPE) or polypropylene (MAPP). Often these additives are compounded in small amounts (1–5 wt.%) and have the side effect of functioning as an internal lubricant [ 58 ], but this is still a source of debate: in some papers, accordingly, there is a viscosity decrease [ 58 , 64 , 73 ], while, in others, the opposite trend is observed [ 60 ]. In the first case, the justification stems from the plasticizing effect of the coupling agent, while, in the second case, the explanation derives from the improvement in the fiber-matrix adhesiveness, which would produce a greater resistance to shearing.…”

Section: Wood Polymer Composites Characterization With Pressure-drmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Wood Polymer Composites Rheology and Its Implications for Processing

Mazzanti

Mollica

2020

Polymers

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Despite the fact that wood polymer composites are interesting materials for many different reasons, they are quite difficult to shape through standard polymer processing techniques, such as extrusion or injection molding. Rheological characterization can be very helpful for understanding the role played by the many variables that are involved in manufacturing and to achieve a good quality final product through an optimized mix of formulation and processing parameters. The main methods that have been used for the rheological characterization of these materials are capillary and parallel plate rheometry. Both are very useful: rotational rheometry is particularly convenient to investigate the compounding phase and obtain structural information on the material, while capillary viscometry is well suited to understand final manufacturing. The results available in the literature at the moment are indeed very interesting and are mostly aimed at investigating the influence of the material formulation, the additives in particular, on the structural, mechanical, and morphological properties of the composite: despite a good number of papers, though, it is difficult to draw general conclusions, as many issues are still debated. The purpose of this article was to overview the state of the art and to highlight the issues that deserve further investigation.

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“…Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP, G-3003, Eastman Inc., Kingsport, TN, USA) was used as a compatibilizer. MAPP is one of the most common commercial compatibilizer [22]. PP is a non-polar hydrophobic material, and SOC is a polar hydrophilic material with hydroxyl groups [15,23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Using Polypropylene and Sesame Oil Cake

et al. 2021

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Sesame oil cakes (SOC) produced during sesame oil production can be classified as plant residues. This study aims to use SOC as a composite material for injection molding. A biocomposite containing polypropylene (PP) and SOC, namely PP/SOC, was developed and its mechanical properties were evaluated. PP/SOC is largely divided into Homo-PP/SOC (HPS) based on Homo-PP and Block-PP/SOC (BPS) based on block-PP. The specimens containing 0–50 wt% SOC were prepared through extrusion and injection molding. As a result of the evaluation, SOC acted as a reinforcement in the matrix, and HPS and BPS showed improved flexural modulus by 36.4% and 37.3% compared to the neat PP, respectively. Tensile strength, on the other hand, decreased by 58% and 55.1%, respectively. To analyze the cause of this, cross-section observation was conducted through scanning electron microscope (SEM), and phase separation and voids were confirmed to be the cause of this. Impact strength of PP/SOC tended to vary depending on the type of matrix. HPS increased by 30.9% compared to neat PP, and BPS decreased by 25%. This tendency difference appears to be the result of SOC inhibiting crystallization of PP, and it has been confirmed through x ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Moreover, PP/SOC can be manufactured at a low cost and is environmentally friendly because it utilizes SOC, a plant residue. It can also be applied to commercial products, such as food packaging, owing to its good moldability and improved mechanical properties.

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The Effects of Different Types of Maleic Anhydride-Modified Polypropylene on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene-based Wood/Plastic Composites

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Promoting Recycling of Mixed Waste Polymers in Wood-Polymer Composites Using Compatibilizers

Promoting Recycling of Mixed Waste Polymers in Wood-Polymer Composites Using Compatibilizers

A Review of Wood Polymer Composites Rheology and Its Implications for Processing

Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Using Polypropylene and Sesame Oil Cake

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