The effects of diosmin on aflatoxin-induced liver and kidney damage

Abstract

Aflatoxin is among the natural toxins that cause serious side effects on living things. Diosmin is also one of the compounds with broad pharmacological effects. In this study, the effects on the oxidant/antioxidant system of 50 mg/kg body weight/day dose of diosmin, aflatoxin (500 μg/kg body weight/day), and combined aflatoxin (500 μg/kg body weight/day) plus diosmin (50 mg/kg body weight/day) given to the stomach via catheter female adult Wistar Albino rats is examined. Forty rats were used in the experiment, and these animals were randomly allocated to four equal groups. The test phase lasted 21 days, and blood samples and tissue (liver and kidney) samples were taken after this period was over. Some biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin) and levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and 4-hydroxynonenal and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were analyzed in the samples. The aflatoxin administered over the period indicated a significant increase in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in all tissues and blood samples. Therewithal, the activity of antioxidant enzymes showed a change in the decreasing direction. Biochemical parameters of the group in which aflatoxin were administered alone changed unfavorably. Parallel effects were also observed in the histopathological findings of this group. The results showed that aflatoxin changed antioxidant/oxidant balance in favor of oxidant and eventually led to lipid peroxidation. Diosmin administration to aflatoxin-treated animals resulted in positive changes in antioxidant enzyme activities while the levels of MDA, NO, and 4-HNE were reduced in all tissues and blood samples examined. Diosmin alleviates the oxidative stress caused by aflatoxin. Similar improvement was observed in biochemical parameters of this group as well as in liver and kidney histopathology. No significant change was observed in the group treated with diosmin alone in terms of the parameters examined and histologic findings. As a result, diosmin may be included in compounds that can be used as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent in the event of the formation of aflatoxin exposure and poisoning in animals.

Fucoidan Ameliorates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, DNA Damage, and Hepatorenal Injuries in Diabetic Rats Intoxicated with Aflatoxin B1

“…These findings were in line with those of Eraslan et al [44] and Zabad et al [45]. This may be attributed to hyperglycemia and/or AFB 1 -induced ROS leading to necrosis of proximal tubular epithelial cells [44,45]. To confirm the role of MD and AFB 1 -induced oxidative stress in disturbance of hepatorenal function, our study revealed that DM and/or…”

“…Similarly, injection of rats with STZ and/or AFB 1 significantly increased serum levels of urea and creatinine. These findings were in line with those of Eraslan et al [44] and Zabad et al [45]. This may be attributed to hyperglycemia and/or AFB 1 -induced ROS leading to necrosis of proximal tubular epithelial cells [44,45].…”

The effect of diosmin against liver damage caused by cadmium in rats

“…No significant difference/observance between the control group and diosmin‐alone group in term of oxidative stress parameter (MDA, NO, SOD, CAT, GSH‐Px, and GSH), biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH), histological architecture, body weight, liver weight, and liver weight/body weight ratio ascertained that diosmin did not cause negative effect at the specified dose and duration examined. Findings from diosmin administered at different doses and times, the parameters of oxidative stress (Arab et al, ; Eraslan et al, ; Rehman et al, ; Sharmila Queenthy, Stanely Mainzen Prince, & John, ), biochemical parameters (Eraslan et al, ; Sharmila Queenthy et al, ), liver histology (Eraslan et al, ; Rehman et al, ) findings obtained from this study are consistent with the findings obtained.…”

“…In addition, diosmin/diosmetin also has a protective effect against peroxidation by inhibiting the oxidation of cell membrane phospholipids (Villa et al, ). When the previously performed studies involving different compounds with diosmin were evaluated, the oxidative stress parameters (Arab et al, ; Eraslan et al, ; Jain et al, ; Sharmila Queenthy et al, ; Srinivasan & Pari, ; Tahir et al, ; Wojnar, Kaczmarczyk‐Sedlak, & Zych, ), some biochemical parameters (Eraslan et al, ; Sharmila Queenthy et al, ; Tahir et al, ), and liver histopathology (Eraslan et al, ; Rehman et al, ; Srinivasan & Pari, ; Tahir et al, ) similar to those found.…”

“…Diosmin is also one of the known antioxidants (Firuzi et al, 2011;Pietta, 2000). Although the use of antioxidants in adverse effects leading from other compounds has been evaluated (Arab et al, 2015;Eraslan et al, 2017;Queenthy & John, 2013;Rehman et al, 2013;Srinivasan & Pari, 2012), there was no study evaluating the effect of diosmin against liver damage associated with cadmium poisoning. In this study, the effects of diosmin applied to the rats against the possible liver damage caused by the cadmium given at the specified time and dose were researhed.…”