The effects of electrical stimulation, adenosine and adenosine -5′ triphosphate (ATP) on mouse rectal muscle

Unekwe, PC; Savage, Adedapo O.

doi:10.1016/1043-6618(91)90053-z

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…& p . 1 : As in other species, the primary transmitter of excitatory motor neurons of gastrointestinal muscle in the mouse is acetylcholine (Fontaine et al 1984;Okasora et al 1986;Unekwe and Savage 1991). The presence and co-localisation of ChAT with other neuronal markers could not be investigated in the present study, as none of the ChAT antisera available to us gave satisfactory immunostaining in the mouse intestine.…”

Section: A) Putative Circular and Longitudinal Muscle Motor Neuronscontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…However, there have been few studies, either anatomical or pharmacological, on the neurotransmitters present in the mouse enteric nervous system (Fontaine et al 1984;Fontaine et al 1986;Okasora et al 1986;Heinicke and Kiernan 1990;Rothman and Gershon 1982;Rothman et al 1984;Branchek and Gershon 1989;Unekwe and Savage 1991). Amongst the histochemical studies, there are reports of the presence of immunoreactivity for tachykinins (Nilsson et al 1975), opioid peptides (Alumets et al 1978), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (Ekblad et al 1984;Branchek and Gershon 1989), and nitric oxide synthase revealed by NADPH diaphorase histochemistry (Branchek and Gershon 1989;Grozdanovic et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…There have been few studies of the pharmacoloy of neurotransmission in the mouse intestine. However, relaxations that are not mediated by noradrenaline have been reported in the mouse colon (Fontaine et al 1984) and rectum (Unekwe and Savage 1991), and electrophysiological recordings from circular muscle cells of the ileum and colon of normal and W/W v 49 Fig. 7.…”

Section: A) Putative Circular and Longitudinal Muscle Motor Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical coding of neurons in the myenteric plexus and external muscle of the small and large intestine of the mouse

Sang

Young

1996

Cell and Tissue Research

246

241

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Immunohistochemical techniques were used to examine the presence and co-localisation of a range of putative neurotransmitters and other neuronal markers in the myenteric plexus of the small and large intestine of the mouse. Distinct sub-populations of myenteric neurons were identified, based on the combinations of substances they contained and the distribution of their fibres. In the small intestine, there were two major classes of circular muscle motor neurons; one class was characterised by the presence of nitric oxide synthase, vasoactive intestinal peptide plus neuropeptide Y (NOS/VIP/NPY), and the second class contained calretinin plus substance P (CalR/SP). There were seven classes of neurons that innervated myenteric ganglia; these contained nos, vip, nos/vip, npy, calr/calbindin (calb), sp or 5-ht. In the large intestine, there were five major classes of motor neurons that contained nos, nos/vip, gaba, sp, or calr/sp, and seven major classes of neurons that innervated myenteric ganglia and contained nos, vip, calr/calb, calr, sp, gaba or 5-ht. Although some aspects of the patterns of co-localisation are similar to those in other species, this study re-inforces recent analyses that indicate significant species differences in neurochemical patterns in the enteric neurons of different species.

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Section: A) Putative Circular and Longitudinal Muscle Motor Neuronscontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: A) Putative Circular and Longitudinal Muscle Motor Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical coding of neurons in the myenteric plexus and external muscle of the small and large intestine of the mouse

Sang

Young

1996

Cell and Tissue Research

246

241

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“…In a variety of species, acetylcholine and substance P have been shown to be the major excitatory neurotransmitters of motor neurons in the gastrointestinal tract (32)(33)(34)(35). Acetylcholine is also the primary motor neurotransmitter for the external muscle of the mouse intestine (36)(37)(38)(39) and partially coexists with substance P in a large subpopulation of neurons that project for long distances (40). Previous immunohistochemical studies have found CB 1 receptors on enteric nerves (17,(41)(42)(43)(44), with the majority of CB 1 receptor-expressing neurons being cholinergic (17,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The endocannabinoid system and the molecular basis of paralytic ileus in mice

et al. 2002

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The endocannabinoid system (i.e., the cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands) plays an important role in the physiological control of intestinal motility. However, its participation in intestinal pathological states is still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the possible role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of paralytic ileus, a pathological state consisting of decreased intestinal motility following peritonitis, surgery, or other noxious situations. Ileus was induced by i.p. administration of acetic acid, and gastrointestinal propulsion was assessed by the charcoal method. Endocannabinoid levels were measured by isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, whereas cannabinoid CB1 receptors were identified by immunohistochemistry. Acetic acid administration inhibited gastrointestinal transit (ileus), and this effect was accompanied by increased levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide compared with control mice and by overexpression of CB1 receptors in myenteric nerves. Furthermore, acetic acid-induced ileus was alleviated by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A and worsened by VDM11, a selective inhibitor of anandamide cellular uptake (and hence inactivation). From these findings, it can be concluded that the intestinal hypomotility typical of paralytic ileus is due, at least in part, to the enhancement of anandamide levels and CB1 expression during this condition, and that selective, nonpsychotropic CB1 receptor antagonists could represent new drugs to treat this disorder.

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“…The mouse rectum preparation exhibits intrinsic (spontaneous) contractile activity of varying degrees. This activity has been previously shown to be entirely neurogenic in origin, since they were abolished by low concentrations of tetrodotoxin (Unekwe and Savage, 1991). Furthermore, they were abolished by low concentrations of atropine sulphate suggesting that the spontaneous contractions occurred as a result of acetylcholine released from cholinergic neurons to the mouse rectum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Effect of mefloquine on the mechanical activity of the mouse isolated rectal smooth muscle

Unekwe

Ogamba²,

Chilaka³

et al. 2010

Nig. J. Phys Sci

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Summary:The effects of mefloquine on the mechanical activity of the mouse isolated rectal smooth muscle was studied. Mefloquine (4.1x10-5 -5.2x10 -3 M) when applied alone and separately exerted variable effects on the rectum. In some preparations, it caused slight phasic contractions while in others no response was elicited. When the external (Ca 2+ ) was increased from 1.8mM to 300mM mefloquine produced phasic contractile activity which was abolished on return to normal 1.8mM suggesting that the contractile activity was due to extracellular Ca 2+ influx. Meflaquine (4.1x10-6M -4.1x10 -4 M) caused contraction -dependent inhibition of KCL, Carbachol and CaCl 2 (in depolarizing Tyrode Solution). Mefloquine (2.1x10 -4 M) blocked KCL, but not carbachol contractions which were largely reversed by increasing (Ca 2+ ). The results show that mefloquine possesses anticholinergic and appreciable calcium channel blocking activity.

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The effects of electrical stimulation, adenosine and adenosine -5′ triphosphate (ATP) on mouse rectal muscle

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Chemical coding of neurons in the myenteric plexus and external muscle of the small and large intestine of the mouse

Chemical coding of neurons in the myenteric plexus and external muscle of the small and large intestine of the mouse

The endocannabinoid system and the molecular basis of paralytic ileus in mice

Effect of mefloquine on the mechanical activity of the mouse isolated rectal smooth muscle

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