The Effects of Extreme Altitude on the Eye and Vision

Mader, Thomas H.; HarrisJr., David J.; Gibson, Charles R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57600-8_2

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 52 publications

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“…S ohledem na stávající používanou výstroj a výzbroj není korekce brýlemi (zvláště u bojových jednotek) zcela vhodná -koliduje s používáním balistické helmy, protichemické masky, balistických brýlí, NVG (night vision goggles -brýle pro noční vidění) a zaměřovačů. ZO při použití brýlí navíc mohou snižovat okolní podmínky (déšť, rychlé změny teplot, prašné prostředí) a tím omezovat bojeschopnost vojáka [5][6][7]. Korekce kontaktními čočkami se pro vojenské účely jeví na první pohled jako vhodnější, jelikož tyto limitující faktory nemá.…”

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Refractive Errors Among Members of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic

Poláčková,

Šindelářová,

Lahodová

et al. 2024

CSO

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Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors among members of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic, to recommend a safe way of correcting refractive errors with regard to the specific needs of military personnel (especially members of combat units and flying personnel), and to propose a system for solving these errors in order to increase combat effectivity. Methodology: Questionnaire to determine previous refractive surgery and spectacle correction wear. Measurement of refraction with a hand-held autorefractometer and evaluation of current visual acuity on ETDRS optotypes (Landolt rings). Results: 259 servicemen (518 eyes) were investigated. The return rate of the questionnaires was 100%. The incidence of myopia greater than -0.75 D was 22% (113 eyes), myopia greater than -0.5 D 32% (166 eyes). The mean value of myopia was -0.78 D (SD ±0.6). Hypermetropia values ranged from +0.25 to +5.0 D. The mean value of hypermetropia was 0.63 D (SD ±0.7). Astigmatism values ranged from -0.25 to -3.75. The mean value of astigmatism was -0.55 Dcyl (SD ±0.49). The average visual acuity was 84.1 letters ETDRS SD (±6.1), visual acuity worse than 80 letters was manifested by 23% of the members of the monitored group. 25 people (10%) had undergone laser refractive surgery. Visual acuity after laser refractive surgery was measured in 19 people (38 eyes). Mean uncorrected post-laser visual acuity was 83.87 (SD ±6.1) ETDRS letters. The mean follow-up period after laser refractive surgery was 6.78 (SD ±4.8) years. Conclusion: Despite the initial selection of military personnel and entry limitations, the prevalence of refractive errors is comparable to the general population. However, in contrast with the general population, refractive errors larger than -3.0 D were not represented in the group. Due to the finding of insufficient correction of refractive errors, increased emphasis should be placed on identifying and regularly observing military personnel with refractive errors.

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Section: úVodunclassified

Refractive Errors Among Members of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic

Poláčková,

Šindelářová,

Lahodová

et al. 2024

CSO

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Investigating the effects of simulated high altitude on colour discrimination

Liu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

BMJ Open Ophth

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PurposeTo quantify changes in colour vision immediately after exposure to different altitudes of low-pressure hypoxia.MethodsThe study involved 35 healthy participants (ages 20–26). Colour vision was assessed using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test at eight different altitudes (condition 1: ground, condition 2: 3500 m, condition 3: 3500 m after 40 min, condition 4: 4000 m, condition 5: 4000 m after 40 min, condition 6: 4500 m, condition 7: 4500 m after 40 min, condition 8: back to the ground). Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), paired t-test, and χ2test .ResultsTotal Error Score (TES) increased with altitude and hypoxia duration, with higher TES in condition 8 than in condition 1. There were significant TES differences between conditions 3 and 7, as well as 4 and 7. Friedman and repeated ANOVA tests revealed significant sector differences, with Blue-Yellow Partial Error Score (PES) greater than Red-Green PES, particularly on conditions 4, 5 and 8. Significant Red-Green PES differences were found between conditions 4 and 7, and Blue-Yellow PES between conditions 3 and 5, 7, 8. Tritan (Blue-Yellow) shift was most pronounced at high altitudes.ConclusionsThis experiment investigated acute low-pressure hypoxia’s effects on colour vision, supplementing chronic hypoxia research. Increased altitudes and exposure duration worsen colour vision, with effects persisting post-recovery. Tritan axis loss is most significant under hypoxia.

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The Effects of Extreme Altitude on the Eye and Vision

Cited by 2 publications

References 52 publications

Refractive Errors Among Members of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic

Refractive Errors Among Members of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic

Investigating the effects of simulated high altitude on colour discrimination

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