The effects of feeding ratio on final properties of vinyl acetate-based latexes via semi-continuous emulsion copolymerization

Berber, Hale; Tamer, Yasemin; Yıldırım, Handan

doi:10.1007/s00396-017-4241-3

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Besides that, the obtained polymer is unstable due to the differentiation phase of the monomer in an aqueous medium. Meanwhile, Code B, C, and D figure out the higher formation of solid content since on the third experimental there is the addition of surfactant and protective colloid to bridge the different polarity between the hydrophobic monomer and aqueous medium; hence it increased the nucleation process to produce dispersed emulsion polymer indicating by solid content [13]. The addition of either surfactant or protective colloid can produce different disperse patterns when the emulsion process occurred.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Influence of Surfactant and Protective Colloid on Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion Synthesized by Emulsion Polymerization Technique

Jaya

Hafizah

Manaf

et al. 2020

SPEKTRA

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A series of experiments have been carried out and reported. This report describes the stages of the polymerization reaction during emulsion Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) synthesis. PVAc was synthesized from the Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) with Ammonium Peroxydisulphate (APS) as an inorganic thermal initiator in the aqueous media under reaction temperature was keep at 65 until 75oCs by agitation speed was 300 rpm respectively during 4 hours of reaction time. The protective colloid agents and several types of surfactants were added to improve the obtained emulsion PVAc performance. The polymerization reaction was carried out without the addition of a protective colloid agent. The surfactants were produced the emulsion PVAc with the properties of solid content 0.89%, density 1.02 g/ml, viscosity 0.0033 Poise, pH 2.8, conductivity 12 ms, respectively. While the polymerization reaction involved protective colloid agents by using Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH) was obtained properties of emulsion PVAc with Solid Content 4.36%, density 1.17 g/ml, viscosity 0.0216 Poise, pH 2.8, and conductivity 10 ms respectively. The same thing was shown when the surfactant was present in the polymerization reaction. The emulsion PVAc was synthesized with nonionic surfactant has solid content 8.20%, density 1.17 g/ml, viscosity 0.0099 Poise, pH 2.8, and conductivity 7 ms, the result is better rather than synthesized with anionic surfactant has solid content 2.65%, density 1.13 g/ml, viscosity 0.0068 Poise, pH 2.8, and conductivity 11 ms. According to the preliminary observations obtained, emulsion PVAc’s appearance is better when the protective colloid agents and the surfactant is present rather than without additional those substances. The physical properties of emulsion were depended on the addition of protective colloid agents and surfactants. In addition, the complete reaction indicated by solid content value was obtained from emulsion when the additional substances were present. All the testing parameters were observed using Viscometer Ostwald, Pycnometer, pH Meter, FTIR Spectrophotometer, Conductometer, and another supporting testing to explain the polymerization reaction stage of synthesis emulsion PVAc.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Influence of Surfactant and Protective Colloid on Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion Synthesized by Emulsion Polymerization Technique

Jaya

Hafizah

Manaf

et al. 2020

SPEKTRA

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“…Initiator took part in polymerization through free radical initiation mechanism, KPS decomposed under certain conditions to generate active intermediate free radicals to initiate polymerization (Garay-Jimenez and Turos, 2011; Bhanvase et al , 2014; Berber et al , 2018). During the seed latex synthesis stage, it always was seen that more time would be needed if the usage of KPS was too few, just because the amount of free radicals was so small that monomers would not be initiated fully and polymerization could not be achieved within the specified time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of self-cross-linking long fluorocarbon polyacrylate latex modified by silane cross-linker

Shao

Chen

2020

PRT

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Purpose Silane cross-linkers have been used to strengthen the mechanical stabilities and friction resistance of plastic products. Therefore, the effect of silane cross-linkers on latex has been studied through preparing modified self-cross-linking long fluorocarbon polyacrylate latex. In this paper, nonionic surfactant alcohol ether glycoside (AEG1000) and anionic polymerizable surfactant 1-allyloxy-3-(4-nonylphenol)-2-propanol polyoxyethylene (10) ether ammonium sulfate (DNS-86) acted as mixed emulsifier and 3-(methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (KH-570) and bis (2-ethylhexyl) maleate (DOM) were used as functional monomers. Design/methodology/approach The modified acrylate polymer latex was synthesized through the semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) and hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) as main monomers. Potassium persulfate (KPS) was applied to initiate polymerization reaction, nonionic surfactant AEG1000 and DNS-86 acted as emulsifier, KH-570 and DOM were used as functional monomers, respectively. Findings The optimum conditions of synthesizing the modified latex were the following. The mass ratio of monomers containing MMA, BA, DFMA, HPMA, KH-570 and DOM was 13.58:13.58:0.90:1.20:0.15:0.60, the usage of initiator KPS was 0.5% of the total weight of monomers and the amount of emulsifier was 7% of all monomers with AEG1000:DNS-86 = 1:1. The results indicated that the conversion of monomer was 99% and the coagulation was about 2.0%. Originality/value The resultant latex was modified silane cross-linker KH-570 and DOM, which positively affected the comprehensive properties of latex and its film. Apart from this, the novel mixed emulsifier was used to improve the size and distribution of latex particles and reduce environmental problems caused by the use of emulsifiers.

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“…Pada polimerisasi emulsi, viskositas bergantung pada banyaknya polimer yang terbentuk dan jenis polimer yang didapatkan (Helmiyati et al, 2010 Cp dan 146Cp (Berber et al, 2018;Sarac & Yildirim, 2008;Sihombing & Ngatin, 2019).…”

Section: Pvacunclassified

Kajian Pustaka Karakterisasi Perekat Polivinil Asetat Berbasis Air dengan Variabel Surfaktan

Sihombing

Fathiyyah

Kumara

et al. 2021

Kovalen

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Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) is an applicative polymer used as an adhesive material for one to another. These polymers can be synthesized through an emulsion polymerization process. In the industrial world, the process of making adhesive still involves environmentally unfriendly organic compounds containing xylene, benzene, and toluene. Therefore, water-based adhesive was introduced as an alternative to the PVAc synthesis solution. The aim of this literature review is to identify the type of surfactants used and analyze the PVAc characterization. This literature study focuses on the characterization of water-based PVAc with non-ionic nonylphenol (NP) surfactants including: NP-06, NP-10, NP 10 + 30, NP-30 and NP-40. Another surfactant used in this literature study is anionic surfactant Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) in units of Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) including 1 CMC, 3 CMC, 5 CMC, 10 CMC, and 15 CMC. The result is a similarity in phenomena between the two types of surfactants. There is an increase in viscosity and a decrease in the value of the particle size as the surfactant increasing concentration used. However, in terms of the particle size, there is an optimal value where the specific NP surfactant concentration produces specific particle size with grit and at the specific SLS surfactant concentration produces relatively similar particle size.

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The effects of feeding ratio on final properties of vinyl acetate-based latexes via semi-continuous emulsion copolymerization

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

The Influence of Surfactant and Protective Colloid on Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion Synthesized by Emulsion Polymerization Technique

The Influence of Surfactant and Protective Colloid on Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion Synthesized by Emulsion Polymerization Technique

Preparation and characterization of self-cross-linking long fluorocarbon polyacrylate latex modified by silane cross-linker

Kajian Pustaka Karakterisasi Perekat Polivinil Asetat Berbasis Air dengan Variabel Surfaktan

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