The effects of flaxseed supplementation on metabolic syndrome parameters, insulin resistance and inflammation in ulcerative colitis patients: An open‐labeled randomized controlled trial

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of flaxseed supplementation in the management of metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related parameters among the patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 70 patients with UC. Participants were randomized in the intervention group, which received 30 g/day ground flaxseed powder or control group.Anthropometric and biochemical variables were assessed at the beginning and end of 12 weeks of intervention. Of the 70 patients enrolled in this study, 64 subjects were included in the final analysis. From baseline to 12 weeks' intervention, flaxseed supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in the serum concentration of insulin (p < .001), HOMA-IR (p < .001), triglyceride (p = .001), total cholesterol (p < .001), and significant increase in the serum levels of HDL (p = .008). Also, we found a significant improvement in the SCCAI score (p < .001), TNF-α (p = .03), and CRP (p < .001) following the flaxseed supplementation. However, we not observed any significant differences between two groups regarding the body weight, BMI, waist circumferences, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure (p > .05). Overall, 12 weeks of flaxseed supplementation resulted in greater improvement in the some MetS-related parameters.

Effect of flaxseed supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review, and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

“…Totally, 2427 subjects were included (case = 1220; control = 1207), and the dates of publications were between 1999 and 2021. Among the 33 studies, 28 were parallel studies, 10,13–16,27–49 and five were crossover 50–54 studies. The intervention duration ranged from 3 to 48 weeks and the sample size varied from 14 to 189 individuals.…”

“…BMI at baseline ranged from 23 to 32 kg m −2 . Studies were conducted in the following countries: Canada, 39,40,42,47,49,50,52 Iran, 14,15,28,29,32–38 China, 10,30,43,53 India, 13,45,46 Brazil, 27,31 Australia, 44 Finland, 54 Denmark, 51 USA, 41 Netherlands, 48 and Cuba. 16…”

Fortification of Chinese steamed bread with flaxseed flour and evaluation of its physicochemical and sensory properties

“…The content of K in flaxseed flour was twice that of wheat flour, and the content of Ca and Mg was more than 10 times that found in wheat flour. In addition, flaxseed flour with a high K/Na ratio is good for patients with hypertension, which may indicate how flaxseed can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases ( Morshedzadeh et al, 2021 ). Therefore, it can be concluded that flaxseed flour was an optimal dietary supplement for its contribution to the unsaturated fatty acids and minerals of full flour CSB.…”

“…Phenolic compounds are important secondary plant metabolites that help promote the health of crops and foods. TPC and TFC are significant nutrients in flaxseed flour ( Morshedzadeh et al, 2021 , Yari et al, 2021 ). The concentrations of TPC, TFC, DPPH•, ABTS+•, and FRAP in CSB are shown in Fig.…”

“…It contains numerous essential fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as alpha-linolenic acid (ω3-ALA), linoleic acid (ω6), and oleic acid (ω9). These fatty acids play an important role in reducing cardiovascular disease, are anti-carcinogenic, and improve brain development in infants ( Kaur et al, 2018 , Sarabandi and Jafari, 2020 , Morshedzadeh et al, 2021 , Yari et al, 2021 ). In addition, flaxseed contains many biologically active substances, including dietary fiber, lignan (a class of phytoestrogens), high-quality proteins, vitamins, and minerals.…”