The Effects of Formalin and Other Soil Treatments on the Replant Disease of Apple

Sewell, G. W. F.; Gc, White

doi:10.1080/00221589.1979.11514891

Cited by 8 publications

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“…Initial growth and fruiting responses to MAP plus soil disinfection were measured in the field for both orchards, although as suggested previously by the greenhouse data, growth responses were less pronounced in the second orchard. The response to formalin + MAP is consistent with growth responses to formaldehyde treatment alone measured in orchards in England (Sewell and White, 1979) and Washington state (Covey et al, 1984). The data from British Columbia sites would also suggest that other broad-spectrum biocides, including mancozeb and dazomet, with MAP can be effective, although, as in orchard 1, differences can occur between biocides.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Replant problems have been attributed to physical, chemical and, particularly, biological disorders of the soil (Traquair, 1984), with a range of successful treatments in various fruit-growing areas reflecting this diversity. For example, preplant soil disinfection with biocides, including formalin (Covey et al, 1984;Sewell and White, 1979), trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin) (Hoestra, 1968), and methyl bromide (Koch et al, 1980), improved the growth of seedlings in greenhouse tests and young trees in orchard trials, despite a concern that broad-spectrum biocides may destroy potentially beneficial mycorrhizal fungi (Traquair, 1984). Toxicities, caused by excess Mn, Al (Hoyt and Neilsen, 1985), or As (Benson, 1976), and nutrient deficiencies, including K (Merwin and Stiles, 1989), have been cited as causes of poor growth of apple.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Soil Disinfection and Monoammonium Phosphate Fertilization Increase Precocity of Apples on Replant Problem Soils

Neilsen¹,

Yorston²

1991

jashs

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In an apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard with a severe replant problem, tree size was increased by the 2nd year and number of fruit by the 3rd year by treating the planting hole soil with formalin or mancozeb plus monoammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizer. Growth increases were evident each year for 4 years only for the MAP + formalin treatment. In a second orchard, with a less severe replant problem, planting-hole treatment with formalin or dazomet + MAP increased tree size by year 2. Number of fruit in year 2 was increased by formalin and mancozeb + MAP treatments, although this effect persisted in year 3 only for mancozeb + MAP. Leaf P concentrations were increased to high values in the first year by MAP fertilization but declined in subsequent years. Leaf Mn concentration also increased in one orchard, a consequence of fertilizer-induced acidification of planting hole soil and Mn uptake from the fungicide mancozeb. Chemical names used: tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2 H -l,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (dazomet); 37% aqueous solution formaldehyde (formalin); Zn, Mn ethylene dithiocarbamate (mancozeb).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

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confidence: 99%

Soil Disinfection and Monoammonium Phosphate Fertilization Increase Precocity of Apples on Replant Problem Soils

Neilsen¹,

Yorston²

1991

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“…( 5 ) The disease is controlled by applications of formalin at concentrations below those normally recommended for the control of soil-borne diseases Sewell & White, 1979).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Pythium species on the growth of apple and their possible causal role in apple replant disease

Sewell¹

1981

Annals of Applied Biology

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SUMMARY Several lines of circumstantial evidence collectively indicated that poor early growth of apple (‘replant disease’) might be associated with the effects of soil‐borne pythiaceous fungi. This hypothesis was supported by pathogenicity tests. All isolates tested of P. sylvaticum and certain isolates of seven other Pythium spp. significantly reduced the growth of apple seedlings. The growth reductions caused by certain Pythium isolates were of comparable magnitude to the growth increases occurring after chloropicrin‐fumigation of apple orchard soils. The Pythium isolates most virulent to apple were of low virulence to a clonal cherry rootstock. Reappraisal of the nature of the disease as a non‐specific soil malaise is consistent with established features of the pathology of Pythium spp. The disease, however, is an ill‐defined ‘poor growth phenomenon’ with no diagnostic symptoms and conclusive evidence that Pythium spp. are widely causal is likely to be elusive.

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“…Recent work with broadspectrum nematicides in New York apple orchards has shown growth increases of up to 96% while specific nematicides improved growth by only 46% (Arneson & Mai 1976, Mai & Abawi 1978. Studies of formalin treatments for specific replant disease in apples have shown growth increases averaging 123% and ranging from 100 to 300% (Sewell & White 1979. Recent estimates of replant mortality in tree fruits range from 7% to 50% (R. E. C. Layne, personal communication).…”

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Etiology and control of orchard replant problems: a review

Traquair

1984

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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The Effects of Formalin and Other Soil Treatments on the Replant Disease of Apple

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Soil Disinfection and Monoammonium Phosphate Fertilization Increase Precocity of Apples on Replant Problem Soils

Soil Disinfection and Monoammonium Phosphate Fertilization Increase Precocity of Apples on Replant Problem Soils

Effects of Pythium species on the growth of apple and their possible causal role in apple replant disease

Etiology and control of orchard replant problems: a review

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