The effects of forskolin and rolipram on cAMP, cGMP and free fatty acid levels in diet induced obesity

Abstract

Obesity is a major health problem. We investigated the effects of forskolin and rolipram in the diet of animals in which obesity had been induced. We used 50 female albino Wistar rats that were assigned randomly into five groups as follows: group 1, control; group 2, high fat diet; group 3, high fat diet + forskolin; group 4, high fat diet + rolipram; and group 5, high fat diet + rolipram + forskolin. The rats were fed for 10 weeks and rolipram and forskolin were administered during last two weeks. The animals were sacrificed and blood samples were obtained. Serum cAMP, cGMP and free fatty acids (FFA) levels were measured using ELISA assays. We also measured weight gain during the 10 week period. cAMP and FFA levels of groups 3, 4 and 5 were significantly higher than those of groups 1 and 2. We found no significant differences in serum cGMP levels among the groups. The weight gain in groups 3, 4 and 5 was significantly less than for group 2. We also found that the weight gain in group 5 was significantly less than in groups 3 and 4. We found that both forskolin and rolipram stimulated lipolysis and inhibited body weight increase by increasing cAMP levels. Also, combination therapy using the two agents may be more effective in preventing diet induced obesity than either agent alone. We found also that these agents did not effect cellular cGMP levels in diet induced obesity.

Isoforskolin and forskolin attenuate lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation through TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB cascades in human mononuclear leukocytes

“…This study is similar with our results. Moreover, FSK has effects of weight loss (Doseyici, Mehmetoglu, Toker, Yerlikaya, & Erbay, 2014), decreasing fasting blood glucose levels (Rios-Silva, Trujillo, Trujillo-Hernandez, et al, 2014), reducing intraocular pressure in patient with glaucoma (Vetrugno et al, 2012), nerve protection (Jensen, Ducray, Widmer, & Meyer, 2015), improving depression (Menninger & Tabakoff, 1997), antitumor (Follin-Arbelet et al, 2015), antiaging (Tumer, Bowman, Larochelle, Kelley, & Scarpace, 1997), and dilating bronchi (Kanne, Burte, Prasanna, & Gujjula, 2015).…”

Total biosynthesis of the cyclic AMP booster forskolin from Coleus forskohlii

“…The pharmaceutical properties of forskolin are based on its ability to directly activate the adenylate cyclase enzyme resulting in elevated levels of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Doseyici et al, 2014; Seamon et al, 1981). Approved applications of forskolin range from alleviation of glaucoma (OcuforsEye drop solutions, Sabinsa, India), treatment of hypertension and heart failure (Colforsin daropate hydrochloride, a water-soluble derivative of forskolin, Nippon Kayaku, Japan) to lipolysis and body weight control (Godard et al, 2005; Kikura et al, 2004; Toya et al, 1998; Wagh et al, 2012; Yoneyama et al, 2002).…”

Physiological properties of human erythrocytes in inflammation

“…It is very interesting that the activation of AC enzyme by forskolin, which normalize the levels of NO efflux from erythrocytes in hyperfibrinogenemia, is nowadays used for lower body weight in obese human and to alleviate patients with glaucoma [24][25][26]. Obesity and glaucoma are inflammatory diseases where erythrocytes form patients with these diseases showed increase NO efflux [27,28].…”