The Effects of Fruit Tree Red Spider Mite (<i>Panonychus ulmi</i>) on Yield of Apple Trees in Kent

Light, W. I. St. G.; Ludlam, F. A. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1972.tb01755.x

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Data was scattered and no threshold was apparent in 1992 and 1994. These results are consistent with highly variable effects of ERM on apple fruit size previously reported Chapman et al, 1952;Hull and Beers, 1990;Lakso et al, 1996;Light and Ludlam, 1972;Marini et al, 1994;Zwick et al, 1976).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…ERM injury causes reduced leaf net CO 2 exchange rate (NCER) Lakso et al, 1996;Mobley and Marini, 1990) and can reduce yield, fruit size and quality, and return bloom (Ames et al, 1984;Chapman et al, 1952;Coghill, 1969;Hull and Beers, 1990;Lakso et al, 1996;Lienk and Minns, 1980;Light and Ludlam, 1972;Marini et al, 1994;Redl et al, 1991;Zwick et al, 1976). Results in these individual studies varied considerably, probably due to differences in the environment, the timing and ated.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Carbon Balance as a Physiological Basis for the Interactions of European Red Mite and Crop Load on `Starkrimson Delicious' Apple Trees

Francesconi¹,

Lakso²,

Nyrop³

et al. 1996

jashs

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The hypothesis that carbon balance is the basis for differences in responses by lightly and normally cropped apple trees to European red mite (ERM) [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)] damage was tested. Mature `Starkrimson Delicious' (Malus domestica Borkh.)/M.26 apple trees were hand-thinned to light (125 fruit/tree, about 20 t/ha) or normal (300 fruit/tree, about 40 t/ha) target crop levels and infested with low [<100 cumulative mite-days (CMD)], medium (400 to 1000 CMD) or high (>1000 CMD) target levels of ERM. A range of crop loads and CMD was obtained. Mite population density, fruit growth, leaf and whole-canopy net CO2 exchange rates (NCER) were measured throughout the growing season of 1994. Leaf area and vegetative growth per tree were also measured. Yield and final mean fruit size were determined at harvest. Return bloom and fruiting were determined the following year. Total shoot length per tree was not affected by crop load or mite damage. ERM reduced leaf and whole-canopy NCER. Normally cropped trees showed fruit weight reduction earlier and more severely than lightly cropped trees with high mite injury. Variation in final fruit weight, return bloom and return fruiting was much better related to whole-canopy NCER per fruit than to CMD.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Balance as a Physiological Basis for the Interactions of European Red Mite and Crop Load on `Starkrimson Delicious' Apple Trees

Francesconi¹,

Lakso²,

Nyrop³

et al. 1996

jashs

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“…Klopfenstein (17), Zwick et al (27), and Ames et al (10), on the other hand, found no reduction in fruit size. Return bloom has been reported by some (2,18,19) to be reduced greatly by mite damage, while others (6,20,27) found no effect. Hoyt et al (16) reported no effect when mite populations occurred mid-season on vigorous trees, but pointed out that the timing of damage may be a crucial factor.…”

Section: Bloom With Moderate To High Mite Damage Regardless Ofmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The experimental design was a completely randomized 2 x 4 factorial treatment arrangement replicated six times, with two mite damage levels (check = 0 cumulative mite days and high = 1500 cumulative mite days) applied over four LFRs (20,30,50, and 70 leaves per fruit). Mite days are defined as one mite (per leaf) present for 1 day, and calculated as the mean of two successive counts (i.e., mean number of mites per leaf) multiplied by the number of intervening days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Between Leaf : Fruit Ratio and Varying Levels of European Red Mite Stress on Fruit Size and Return Bloom of Apple

Beers

Hull

Grimm

1987

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Fruit size and return bloom of apple (Malus domestica Brokh.) were examined in 1982-84 under varying levels of crop load and stress caused by the European red mite [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)]. Trees of ‘Rome Beauty’/MM.111 and ‘Yorking’ M.26 were subjected to two and three levels of mite stress, respectively, over a range of leaf : fruit ratios (LFRs). Regression models were used to explore the effect of LFR on fruit size and return bloom at the various mite injury levels. There was a curvilinear relationship between mean fruit weight and LFR for most of the check and mite-injured groups. The relationship between bloom density and LFR was linear over the range studied. Both experiments indicated reduced fruit size and return bloom with moderate to high mite damage, regardless of LFR.

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“…This damage leads to a variety of current-year and second-year effects. Current-year damage, depending on the timing, duration, and severity of the damage, can lead to reduced levels of foliar nitrogen (Klopfenstein and Holdsworth 1978) and other essential elements (Ames et al 1984;Herbert and Butler 1973), premature leaf fall (Baker 1984), reduced growth of shoots (Briggs and Avery 1968) and of trunk diameter (Chapman et al 1952), fewer fruit and lower yields (Light and Ludlam 1972;Baker 1984;Chapman et al 1952), and adverse effects on fruit size (Hoyt et al 1979;Baker 1984), skin color, soluble solids, titratable acids, and firmness (Ames et al 1984). Ames et al (1984) also found a significant interaction between fruit load and mite effects on spur-type Red Delicious apple trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECT OF POPULATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE,PANONYCHUS ULMI, ON THE APPLE VARIETY RED DELICIOUS IN NOVA SCOTIA

et al. 1985

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Can. Enr. 117: 1249-1255 (1985) Banchus Jlavescens Cresson is the most abundant hymenopterous parasitoid of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra conjigurata Walker, in western Canada. The females attack lst, 2nd, and 3rd instars of the host. The speed of parasitoid development is adjusted so that the 2nd instar is completed when the host finishes feeding. Banchus Jlavescens has an obligate diapause and overwinters as a prepupa within a cocoon in the soil. Notes on life history and descriptions of the egg and 5 larval instars of B. Jlavescens are given. ResumeBanchusJlavescens Cresson est le parasite hym6noptere le plus abondant de la 1Cgionnaire bertha, Mamestra conjigurata Walker, dans l'ouest du Canada. Les femelles s'attaquent aux premier, deuxieme et troisieme stades de developpernent de l'h6te. Le rythme de developpement du parasite est adapt6 de telle sorte que le deuxieme stade est complCt6 lorsque l'h6te a fini de se nourrir. Banchus Jlavescens a une diapause obligatoire et hiverne sous forme de pr6pupe dans un cocon enfoui dans le sol. Les auteurs pr6sentent des notes sur le cycle biologique et des descriptions de l'oeuf et des 5 stades larvaires de B. Jlavescens.

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The Effects of Fruit Tree Red Spider Mite (Panonychus ulmi) on Yield of Apple Trees in Kent

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Carbon Balance as a Physiological Basis for the Interactions of European Red Mite and Crop Load on `Starkrimson Delicious' Apple Trees

Carbon Balance as a Physiological Basis for the Interactions of European Red Mite and Crop Load on `Starkrimson Delicious' Apple Trees

Relationships Between Leaf : Fruit Ratio and Varying Levels of European Red Mite Stress on Fruit Size and Return Bloom of Apple

EFFECT OF POPULATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE,PANONYCHUS ULMI, ON THE APPLE VARIETY RED DELICIOUS IN NOVA SCOTIA

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