The Effects of Fuel Properties and Composition on Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions - A Review

Ryan, Thomas W.; Storment, J O; Wright, B.R.; Waytulonis, Robert W.

doi:10.4271/810953

Cited by 35 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This lower aromatic range is worthy of investigation for the following reason. Fundamental studies on laminar diusion¯ames suggested that reductions in diesel exhaust emissions may not be obtainable unless the aromatic fraction is lowered below 15 The MS was received on 19 July 1999 and was accepted after revision for publication on 1 November 1999. cent [3,5]. Accordingly, the tests reported here were conducted with diesel fuels having aromatic fractions, mostly, within the range 0±15 per cent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of fuels with a low aromatic content on diesel engine exhaust emissions

Ladommatos

Xiao

Zhao

2000

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Tests were conducted on a Co-operative Fuel Research (CFR) diesel engine using fuels with low aromatic content. The aim of the tests was to gain a better understanding of the way in which diesel fuel components aect exhaust emissions. A set of 14 diesel fuels was used, having aromatic content between 0 and 27 per cent; three of these fuels were oxygenated using diglyme and butyl-diglyme (diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and diethylene glycol dibutyl ether). The results showed that the exhaust smoke and oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) emissions correlated highly with the fuel monoaromatic content. When some of the fuel monoaromatic content was replaced by a diaromatic compound, there was a slight increase in exhaust smoke, but no clear eects on NO x and unburned hydrocarbon emissions. Oxygenated fuels showed lower smoke and NO x emissions. A statistical analysis of the CFR exhaust emissions suggested that the greatest in¯uence on smoke emission was the fuel density, followed by the carbon±hydrogen mass ratio, 50 per cent distillation temperature and viscosity. A similar analysis suggested that the greatest in¯uence on NO x was the 5 per cent distillation temperature, followed by density, 95 per cent distillation temperature, carbon±hydrogen mass ratio, 50 per cent distillation temperature, cetane number and viscosity. Finally, a high correlation was found between the engine exhaust emissions and the laminar¯ame-sooting tendency of some of the fuels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fuels with a low aromatic content on diesel engine exhaust emissions

Ladommatos

Xiao

Zhao

2000

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Although all of these methods produced a reduction in NO x , it has been concluded in a review (Afify et al, 1987;Coon, 1981;Murayama et al, 1978;Ryan et al, 1981) that the use of water/diesel emulsion was the most effective technique for the reduction of diesel particulates or smoke, for four stroke direct injection (DI) engines (Hountalas et al, 2007;Tzirakis et al, 2006;Hall et al, 2003;Yoshimoto, 2006). Mello and Mellor (1999) have modeled the experimental results of others who tested two methods of water admission, namely stratified diesel-water-diesel injection inside the cylinder and intake manifold fumigation (injecting water into the intake manifold).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Combustion Study of Stabilized Water-in-Diesel Fuel Emulsion

Selim

Ghannam

2009

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmenta

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An experimental investigation has been carried out to produce a stable diesel/water emulsion fuel and use it in a diesel engine under different operating and design conditions. The emulsion stayed stable for up to 30% water in diesel for up to one week and 20% water in diesel for four weeks. The physical properties of the stable W/D emulsions in terms of density, surface tension, and viscosity were measured and investigated. The effect of surfactant concentration, mixing time, and mixer speed has been studied. A computer image analyzer system was used to investigate the water droplets-fuel interaction and the water droplets distribution within the diesel phase. The stable emulsion has been used in an indirect injection Ricardo E6 research diesel engine, and performance and engine roughness parameters have been measured. The effect of water/diesel ratio, engine speeds, loads, fuel injection angle, and engine compression ratio on combustion maximum pressure, maximum pressure rise rate, brake power output, and brake-specific fuel consumption has been studied. The addition of water in diesel generally affected the engine combustion noise, brake power output, and specific fuel consumption.

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“…So, it is required to find a novel systematic surrogate fuel with appropriate selection of aromatics. Ryan and Waytulonis [14] reviewed the effect of aromatics content on exhaust emissions in a diesel engine. A fuel with lower aromatics and having low distillation endpoint with high flashpoint emits lower emissions as compared to the hydrocarbon fuel alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of aromatic selection towards newer formulated fuels for regulated and unregulated emissions reduction in CI engine

Singh

Sharma

Almohammadi

et al. 2020

Fuel Processing Technology

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The fuel composition highly affects formation of toxic pollutants in a diesel engine. The aromatics are found to be prominent fuel components that affect pollutant formation and at the same time help provide lubricity to moving engine parts. Therefore, their effect needs to be addressed systematically. This article elucidates aromatic types and its content effects on fuel atomization, regulated and unregulated emissions. Acoustic emission signals were also recorded for engine noise diagnosis during the exhaustive testing. Five different aromatics namely, ethylbenzene, α-methylstyrene, indene, tetralin and methylnaphthalene were blended in ratio of 15, 20 and 25% by mass with dearomatized hydrocarbon fuel and tested in a compression ignition engine. Results reveal that unregulated emissions, carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) increase with aromatic content. However, nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and acoustic emissions were found to be maximum with low aromatic content (15%). The polycyclic aromatics (indene, tetralin and methylnaphthalene) produce higher polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and carbonyl emissions compared to monocyclic aromatics (ethylbenzene, α-methylstyrene). Additionally, polycyclic aromatics with 20% blending produced higher PAHs and carbonyl compound emissions than diesel with 23.6% aromatics. Ethylbenzene showed significantly better results for both spray and emission characteristics compared to the other tested aromatics.

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The Effects of Fuel Properties and Composition on Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions - A Review

Cited by 35 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of fuels with a low aromatic content on diesel engine exhaust emissions

Effects of fuels with a low aromatic content on diesel engine exhaust emissions

Combustion Study of Stabilized Water-in-Diesel Fuel Emulsion

Applicability of aromatic selection towards newer formulated fuels for regulated and unregulated emissions reduction in CI engine

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