The effects of grain size on the core loss and permeability of motor lamination steel

Stephenson, E. T.; Marder, A. R.

doi:10.1109/tmag.1986.1064281

Cited by 62 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Figure 2 also demonstrates the relatively high sensitivity of the MBN technique to only a small range of variation in core loss. with earlier observations for laminates with grains larger than the optimum size at which the lowest loss and highest permeability is achieved [2,3]. The observed inverse relationship between Barkhausen energy and grain size, agrees with the Hall-Petch relationship as given by [31]:…”

Section: Grain Size and Texture Measurementssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Among the significant properties of NOES laminates are high permeability, low magnetic loss and low magnetostriction, which is achieved by an optimum combination of various factors including texture, grain size, composition and thickness [2,3]. The demand for energy efficiency in electric motors and rotary machines has driven the growth of NOES in the world market, with the characterization of magnetic loss as the main target in NOES research [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation Between AC Core Loss and Surface Magnetic Barkhausen Noise in Electric Motor Steel

et al. 2014

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Core loss is a significant source of energy loss in electric motor steel laminates. Therefore, there is interest in monitoring the quality and consistency of laminates at various stages of manufacturing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using surface magnetic Barkhausen noise for the evaluation of AC core loss, and further, to examine potential origins of magnetic loss in nonoriented electrical steel. Core loss values were measured by a single sheet tester and Barkhausen noise measurements were performed using pole flux control on eight laminates with various grain size, texture and composition. Magnetocrystalline energy was calculated from X-ray diffraction data to quantify texture. Results demonstrated higher surface Barkhausen emissions for samples with lower core loss. Barkhausen noise analyses were used to examine the interplay among core loss, grain size, magnetocrystalline energy and B-H characteristics. The inverse correlation between core loss and Barkhausen noise emissions was qualitatively explained in terms of the orthogonal vector contribution of microscopic eddy currents to losses associated with bulk currents arising in the sample during magnetization.

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Section: Grain Size and Texture Measurementssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between AC Core Loss and Surface Magnetic Barkhausen Noise in Electric Motor Steel

et al. 2014

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“…Many factors, such as chemical composition, impurities, inclusions, grain size, and texture are known to influence the magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steels. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] It is well known that impurities and inclusions are deleterious to magnetic properties, either directly by impeding the magnetic domain movement, or indirectly through refining the grain size during final annealing. Sulfur is a harmful impurity element in electrical steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cerium Content on the Magnetic Properties of Non-oriented Electrical Steels

Hou

Liao

2008

ISIJ Int.

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The effects of cerium content in the range of 0-0.022 wt%, on the microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of four non-oriented electrical steels have been studied. After final annealing, grain size increased with increasing cerium content and reached a maximum value in the steel with 0.011 wt% cerium. Furthermore, steel containing 0.003 wt% cerium had the strongest (110)͗001͘ texture among the steels. In the steel with the same cerium content, the intensity of (111)͗uvw͘ fiber texture decreased with decreasing hot finishing rolling temperature and increasing hot band annealing temperature. Under the same processing conditions, flux density slightly increased with increasing cerium and reached a maximum value in the steel with 0.003 wt% cerium. For steel with the same cerium content, flux density increased with increasing hot band annealing temperature and decreasing hot finishing rolling temperature. Conversely, core loss decreased with increasing cerium content and reached a minimum value in the steels containing 0.003 wt% cerium. For steel with the same cerium content, core loss decreased with increasing hot band annealing temperature and decreasing hot finishing rolling temperature. Steel with 0.003 wt% cerium obtained the best magnetic properties, predominantly through the development of favorable texture and optimum grain size.KEY WORDS: electrical steel; cerium; texture; grain size; magnetic property.nace and cast into 500 mmϫ300 mmϫ100 mm ingots. Table 1 shows their chemical compositions. The proportions of cerium content were 0, 0.003, 0.011, and 0.022 wt%. The proportions of other elements were 0.003 wt% carbon, 1.15 wt% silicon, 0.42 wt% manganese, 0.009 wt% phosphorus, 0.006 wt% sulfur, and 0.33 wt% aluminum, with 0.002 wt% nitrogen and 0.0007 wt% oxygen. The steel ingots were reheated to 1 200°C for 2 h, and hot-rolled in two steps by a two-high pilot hot rolling mill with intermediate annealing at 1 200°C for 1 h. Two levels of hot-rolled finishing temperature were conducted at 890°C and 820°C. The thickness of steel ingots after rough rolling was 20 mm, and after finishing rolling was 3.2 mm. After air cooling to room temperature, hot-rolled bands were annealed at 900°C and 700°C respectively for 2 h and allowed to cool in the furnace. Then, the annealed hot-rolled bands were uniformly milled to 2.3 mm by a milling machine from both sides to remove any scale on the surfaces. A four high pilot cold rolling mill was used to cold-roll the hot-rolled bands to the final thickness of 0.5 mm with a total reduction of 78 %. Then, the cold-rolled steels sheets were cut into 60 mmϫ30 mm coupons both in longitudinal and transverse direction with respect to the rolling direction. Finally, the coupons were annealed in a vacuum infrared furnace set at 950°C for 2 min with a heating rate 5°C per second to simulate continuous annealing.After cold-rolling and final annealing, magnetic properties of the specimens were measured using a Soken DAC-BHW-2 electrical steel tester. Magnetic flux density was measure...

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“…The magnetic properties are mainly dependent on two metallurgical factors: grain size and texture. 1,2) Grain size control has been extensively investigated whereas texture control has received much less attention. Of the various processing steps, the final annealing is the most important since it is the last process to determine the grain size and texture of nonoriented electrical steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Heating Rate on the Development of Annealing Texture in Nonoriented Electrical Steels

2003

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The effects of grain size on the core loss and permeability of motor lamination steel

Cited by 62 publications

References 7 publications

Correlation Between AC Core Loss and Surface Magnetic Barkhausen Noise in Electric Motor Steel

Correlation Between AC Core Loss and Surface Magnetic Barkhausen Noise in Electric Motor Steel

Effect of Cerium Content on the Magnetic Properties of Non-oriented Electrical Steels

Effect of Heating Rate on the Development of Annealing Texture in Nonoriented Electrical Steels

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