THE EFFECTS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ON PARASITOIDS OF THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), AND THE SPRUCE CONEWORM, DIORYCTRIA RENICULELLOIDES (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), IN MONTANA

Hamel, Dennis R.

doi:10.4039/ent1091409-11

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…(1993) Reared from egg to at least third instar Pieridae Pieris napi (L.) Barber et al. (1993) Reared from egg to at least third instar Pyralidae Dioryctria reniculelloides (Mutuura & Munroe) [Spruce coneworm] Hamel (1977) Field collected larvae to? Dioryctria abietivorella (Grote)[Fir coneworm] Trudel et al (1995) Fourth instars to adults Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) [European corn borer] Grisdale (1973) Reared for at least one full generation Saturnidae Hyalophora cecropia (L.) [Cecropia moth] Grisdale (1973) Reared for at least one full generation Sphingidae Daphnis nerii (L.) Retnakaran et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Review of the McMorran Diet for Rearing Lepidoptera Species With Addition of a Further 39 Species

Hervet¹,

Laird²,

Floate³

2016

J Insect Sci

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Research on cutworms led us to explore the use of the McMorran diet to rear lepidopteran species, mainly Noctuidae, under laboratory conditions. We documented the development of 103 lepidopteran species, including 39 species not previously reported in the literature, to be reared on this diet. Given its low cost, ease of preparation, and wide species’ acceptance, this diet provides a powerful tool for facilitating Lepidoptera and other insects rearing and research in the laboratory.RésuméUne recherche sur les noctuelles nous a permis d’élever des larves de nombreuses espèces de lépidoptères, principalement des noctuelles, sur un substrat artificiel du nom de «McMorran diet» en laboratoire. Nous reportons le développement de 103 espèces de lépidoptères, dont 39 espèces qui n’ont pas encore été documentées, comme pouvant se développer sur ce substrat artificiel. Étant donné son faible coût, facilité de préparation, et large champ d’action, ce substrat artificiel peut grandement faciliter la recherche sur les lépidoptères et autres insectes en laboratoire.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the McMorran Diet for Rearing Lepidoptera Species With Addition of a Further 39 Species

Hervet¹,

Laird²,

Floate³

2016

J Insect Sci

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“…That trends were maintained across the full range of outbreak conditions studied may be indicative of the adaptive significance of these behaviors, but could also suggest some inflexibility in the capacity of larvae to vary their behavioral response significantly in the face of changing host conditions. Further study investigating the underlying mechanisms and trade-offs influencing spruce budworm foraging within conifers-as well as that of several close relatives with similar intratree distributions (Srivastava et al 1984, Nealis andLysyk 1988), feeding patterns ( Volney 1992), and natural enemy complexes (Hamel 1977, Nealis 1995) -could shed more light on the ecological significance of observed behaviors and their influence on communitywide interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intratree Variation in the Seasonal Distribution and Mortality of Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from the Peak to Collapse of an Outbreak

Eveleigh

Johns

2014

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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A 5-yr field study was carried out to assess intratree variations in the distribution, abundance, and mortality of immature spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from the peak to collapse of an outbreak. In most years, the highest density of overwintering second-instar (L2) larvae (per square meter of foliage) was located in the lower crown, whereas all subsequent stages (third-to sixth-instar larvae, pupae, and eggs) were at relatively higher densities in the upper crown. In contrast, overall abundance (per branch) throughout the season tended to be highest in the mid-upper to mid-lower crown. Mortality associated with 16 different parasitoid species varied significantly among years but varied among crown levels for only a few species. In particular, Apanteles fumiferanae (Viereck), Glypta fumiferanae (Viereck), Smidtia fumiferanae (Tothill), and Trichogramma minutum (Riley) all caused higher mortality in the upper crown of trees. Although infection associated with Nosema fumiferanae (Thomson) and mortality associated with fungal and viral pathogens often varied among crown levels, there was no clear or consistent trend from year to year. In general, trends in spruce budworm density and mortality within the crown were similar throughout all years of our study, despite significant variations in herbivore density, foliage availability, and parasitoid and pathogen impact. Our study indicates that intratree patterns of spruce budworm distribution and mortahty are likely to remain consistent during an outbreak and further emphasizes the importance of intratree heterogeneity in shaping interactions within plant-herbivore-parasitoid communities.

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“…In studies of the impact of Bt on parasitized Lepidoptera it has been recognized that the survival of parasitoids is often a function of the host instar they attack and/or emerge from (e.g., Hamel, 1977; Ticehurst et al., 1982; Weseloh & Andreadis, 1982; Wallner et al., 1983). Theoretically, if the parasitoid emerges from the host, or causes the host to stop feeding before the Bt treatment is applied, it would avoid the adverse effects of Bt on its host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategy for orchard use of Bacillus thuringiensis while minimizing impact on Choristoneura rosaceana parasitoids

Cossentine¹,

Jensen

Deglow

2003

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Trials were conducted to study how spring Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. kurstaki treatments on apple may be timed to maximize the survival of parasitoids of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), found in the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada. Orchard collections verified that second through fourth instar obliquebanded leafrollers were found in varying proportions from pink through the petal fall stage of apple development when spring B. thuringiensis treatments are applied vs. lepidopteran pests. Laboratory‐reared second through fourth instar obliquebanded leafrollers, unparasitized and parasitized by one of three native parasitoid species, were fed untreated apple leaves or leaves treated with B. thuringiensis. The highest mortality of unparasitized obliquebanded leafrollers occurred when fourth instars were exposed to B. thuringiensis‐treated leaves; B. thuringiensis‐induced mortality in the unparasitized second and third instars was less than 50%. The consumption of B. thuringiensis‐treated leaves by host larvae significantly increased the percentage of dead host larvae in all parasitized and unparasitized treatments. However, because of the low susceptibility of this leafroller species to B. thuringiensis, relatively high numbers (38–43%) of three obliquebanded leafroller parasitoid species were able to survive the consumption of B. thuringiensis by second and third instar host larvae. Fourth instar obliquebanded leafrollers were found at the full bloom and petal fall stage of apple development in the orchard, at which time B. thuringiensis treatments are recommended for optimal leafroller control. The highest parasitoid mortality due to host mortality was recorded in Apophua simplicipes Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Macrocentrus linearis (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), when the hosts were treated as fourth instars. Both of these parasitoids emerge from fifth and sixth instar obliquebanded leafrollers. Bacillus thuringiensis did not have as negative an impact on Apanteles polychrosidis Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), which emerges when the host is in the fourth instar. When leafroller mortality and parasitism were combined, the B. thuringiensis treatment did not significantly increase host elimination above that of parasitism alone, except for larvae parasitized by A. simplicipes that were in the fourth instar. The consumption of B. thuringiensis by unparasitized larvae was shown to slow larval development.

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THE EFFECTS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ON PARASITOIDS OF THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), AND THE SPRUCE CONEWORM, DIORYCTRIA RENICULELLOIDES (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), IN MONTANA

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

A Review of the McMorran Diet for Rearing Lepidoptera Species With Addition of a Further 39 Species

A Review of the McMorran Diet for Rearing Lepidoptera Species With Addition of a Further 39 Species

Intratree Variation in the Seasonal Distribution and Mortality of Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from the Peak to Collapse of an Outbreak

Strategy for orchard use of Bacillus thuringiensis while minimizing impact on Choristoneura rosaceana parasitoids

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