The effects of in-plane and out-of-plane constraints on J-R curves for X80 steel: A study using clamped SENT specimens

Stress Intensity Factors and T-Stress Solutions for 3D Asymmetric Four-Point Shear Specimens

“…In order to confirm the current calculation method, some baseline cases were compared with values obtained from using the equations provided by Nazarali and Wang [10]. The full set of equations is given in [10], and the equations are valid for mode I and II loading cases.…”

“…In order to confirm the current calculation method, some baseline cases were compared with values obtained from using the equations provided by Nazarali and Wang [10]. The full set of equations is given in [10], and the equations are valid for mode I and II loading cases. Figure 10 shows the plastic zones for pure mode II and mode III loading cases obtained using the present procedure and the one from Nazarali and Wang [7].…”

“…This non-singular term is known as the T-stress, and forms the basis of the two-parameter fracture mechanics approach, see Betegon and Hancock [7], O'Dowd and Shih [8], and Wang [9], for example. Recently, it has been demonstrated that both in-plane T-stress T 11 and out-of-plane T 33 are required to quantify the in-plane and out-of-plane constraint effect [10][11][12].…”

Out-of-plane constraint loss in three point bend specimens with notches

“…𝐾 𝜌 𝑚𝑎𝑡 More recent work [23] has shown that the values of measured on laboratory specimens 𝐾 𝜌 𝑚𝑎𝑡 containing notches are not only dependent on the in-plane effect of the notch radius, but are also significantly affected by an out-of-plane constraint loss which is itself enhanced by the presence of the notch radius. The effect of out-of-plane constraint loss is an active research topic for sharp cracks [24,25]. For notches this out-of-plane constraint loss can have a greater effect on toughness than that of the in-plane effect of the notch radius alone.…”