The Effects of Inbreeding on Body Weight and Abdominal Chaeta Number in Drosophila Melanogaster

Kidwell, J. F.; Kidwell, M M

doi:10.1139/g66-026

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Genetic and molecular studies indicate that all three systems of hybrid dysgenesis (24) in D. melanogaster (P-M, I-R and hobo) are accompanied by multiple rearrangements because of recombination between insertion sequences of a single TE family (25)(26)(27). However, in contrast to the D. melanogaster systems, induced rearrangements in D. virilis may be associated with at least two unrelated families of transposons at their BPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile elements and chromosomal evolution in the virilis group of Drosophila

Evgen’ev

Zelentsova

Poluectova

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Species of the virilis group of Drosophila differ by multiple inversions and chromosome fusions that probably accompanied, or led to, speciation. Drosophila virilis has the primitive karyotype for the group, and natural populations are exceptional in having no chromosomal polymorphisms. We report that the genomic locations of Penelope and Ulysses transposons are nonrandomly distributed in 12 strains of D. virilis. Furthermore, Penelope and Ulysses insertion sites in D. virilis show a statistically significant association with the breakpoints of inversions found in other species of the virilis group. Sixteen newly induced chromosomal rearrangements were isolated from the progeny of D. virilis hybrid dysgenic crosses, including 12 inversions, 2 translocations, and 2 deletions. Penelope and Ulysses were associated with the breakpoints of over half of these new rearrangements. Many rearrangement breakpoints also coincide with the chromosomal locations of Penelope and Ulysses insertions in the parental strains and with breakpoints of inversions previously established for other species of the group. Analysis of homologous sequences from D. virilis and Drosophila lummei indicated that Penelope insertion sites were closely, but not identically, located at the nucleotide sequence level. Overall, these results indicate that Penelope and Ulysses insert in a limited number of genomic locations and are consistent with the possibility that these elements play an important role in the evolution of the virilis species group. B esides inducing many types of small mutations, such as insertions and deletions, transposable elements (TEs) are well known to promote the formation of inversions and other large and small chromosomal rearrangements (e.g., ref. 1). A growing body of evidence suggests that TEs mediate genome restructuring in natural populations of a wide variety of species. For example, in hominids, a Y chromosome inversion was mediated by recombination between LINE-1 elements before the radiation of extant human populations (2), and TEs appear to have played a role in mediating some of the major restructuring of the human sex chromosomes that has taken place during the last 300 million years (3). Also, the five families of Ty retrotransposons have been important in restructuring the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome (4). In wild populations of Drosophila melanogaster, the hobo element has been implicated in the origin of endemic inversions (5) and in Drosophila buzzatii, the breakpoints (BPs) of a cosmopolitan inversion contain large insertions corresponding to a TE (6). The frequency and relative importance of TE-induced rearrangements in natural populations have, however, been difficult to establish in any satisfactory quantitative way. One likely reason is that instability and rapid divergence of TEs make their identification at rearrangement BPs increasingly difficult with the passage of time (7).In contrast to the rich karyotypic variation found in most of the 12 species of the D. virilis species group, one member, D. ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile elements and chromosomal evolution in the virilis group of Drosophila

Evgen’ev

Zelentsova

Poluectova

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Often only a small number of females contribute offspring to each rot (Thomas & Barker, 1990). Therefore, periods of local mating between relatives may occur followed by dispersal and mixed mating when flies migrate to new feeding and breeding sites (Prout & Barker, 1993 From Drosophila melanogaster, it is known that inbreeding does not affect size (Kidwell & Kidwell, 1966). However, because larval density differences due to inbreeding depression potentially could occur and give rise to size differences between outbred and inbred flies, and because density is known to affect heat-shock tolerance full-sib outcrossed full-sib full-sib full-sib F=0.375 F=O.5 second experiment, mortality was recorded under nonstress conditions (25°C) as flies were transferred to newvials: days 3,6,9, 12 and 15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat-shock tolerance and inbreeding in Drosophila buzzatii

1995

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The effect of inbreeding on survival after a short-term heat shock was tested for two age groups of the cactophilic fruit fly, Drosophila buzzatii, reared under nonstress conditions. Four inbreeding levels (F = 0, F = 0.25, F = 0.375, F = 0.5) were generated by outcrossing or full-sib mating. All flies were conditioned at 36.5°C for 75 mm prior to exposure to stress, to activate the synthesis of heatshock proteins. These proteins are known to protect cells against stress damage. The younger group of flies were exposed to a thermal stress of 40.7°C for 88 mm, 103 mm, or 118 mm and the older flies to the same temperature only for 88 mm or 103 mm, as the survival of older flies after heat stress was much lower than that of the younger flies. Survival after heat shock declined with increased inbreeding in both age groups. For the younger flies, the slope of the regression line, F, on survival was lower at higher stress levels. For the older flies, inbreeding effects were similar at both stress levels. Mortality without stress also differed significantly among inbreeding groups, mainly because of a large difference between the F =0.5 group and all others.

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“…Its mean will decrease with time as (1 -FJ V A , while its variance will increase and rapidly approach an asymptotic value, largely because of linkage disequilibrium built up by sampling (Bulmer, 1976;Avery and Hill, 1977). Similarly, when 2 additive traits are considered, the expected value of the within-line genetic covariance will decrease as (1 -FJ cov A , cov A being the genetic covariance in the base population, and its variance will increase also towards an asymptotic value, due to disequilibrium (Avery and Hill, 1977 (Rasmuson, 1952;Kidwell and Kidwell, 1966); egg-laying of virgin females in Iribolium castaneum (Lopez-Fanjul and Jodar, 1977); and litter size in mice (Bowman and Falconer, 1960). In these experiments, the within-line phenotypic variance oscillated more or less widely without showing a definite trend and only appeared to decline for the 2 bristle systems analysed by Rasmuson (1952).…”

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confidence: 99%