The effects of inhaled acetone on place conditioning in adolescent rats

Abstract

Introduction-Acetone is a ubiquitous ingredient in many household products (e.g., glue solvents, air fresheners, adhesives, nail polish, and paint) that is putatively abused; however, there is little empirical evidence to suggest that acetone alone has any abuse liability. Therefore, we systematically investigated the conditioned response to inhaled acetone in a place conditioning apparatus.Method-Three groups of male, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to acetone concentrations of 5,000, 10,000 or 20,000 ppm for 1 hour in a conditioned place preference apparatus alternating with air for 6 pairing sessions. A place preference test ensued in an acetone-free environment. To test the preference of acetone as a function of pairings sessions, the 10,000 ppm group received an additional 6 pairings and an additional group received 3 pairings. The control group received air in both compartments. Locomotor activity was recorded by infrared photocells during each pairing session.Results-We noted a dose response relationship to acetone at levels 5,000-20,000 ppm. However, there was no correlation of place preference as a function of pairing sessions at the 10,000 ppm level. Locomotor activity was markedly decreased in animals on acetone-paired days as compared to air-paired days.Conclusion-The acetone concentrations we tested for these experiments produced a markedly decreased locomotor activity profile that resemble CNS depressants. Furthermore, a dose response relationship was observed at these pharmacologically active concentrations, however, animals did not exhibit a positive place preference.

Characterizing the scent and chemical composition of Panthera leo marking fluid using solid-phase microextraction and multidimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-olfactometry

“…Bold font signifies compounds responsible for the characteristic odor of lion MF. No Compound Name Cited relevance to behavior Behavior Species 1 Trimethylamine 2 Acetaldehyde Locomotion, Taste aversion, Anxiety Rattus rattus 52 – 55 ; Homo sapiens 56 ; Mus musculus 58 – 76 3 Acetone Locomotion, Sexuality, Irritation Rattus rattus 104 ; Homo sapiens 105 ; Panthera leo 33 4 2-Butanone Sexuality Panthera leo 33 5 2-Pentanone Reproduction Odocoileus virginianus 106 6 3-Hexanone 7 Dimethyl disulfide Oviposition inhibition, Attraction, Sniffing Anopheles coluzzii 84 , Carollia perspicillata 85 , Rattus rattus 86 ; Delia radicum 87 ; Glossophaga soricina 88 8 3-Methyl-butanal Attraction Harmonia axyridis 107 9 3-Penten-2-one 10 Heptanal Aggregation, Inhibited behavior, Excitation Locusta migratoria manilensis 68 ; Culicoides nubeculosus 108 ; Agrotis ipsilon 109 11 Cyclohexanone Attraction, Locomotion, Stimulation, Inhibition Mus mus...…”

Positive reinforcement and c‐Fos expression following abuse‐like thinner inhalation in mice: Behavioural and immunohistochemical assessment

“…However, research assigned experimental investigation of the reinforcing properties and abuse potential of inhalants has lagged behind that of other classes of abused drugs, and their mechanisms of action are far from being fully understood. Over the 2000s, studies on animal models using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm have been shown reward‐related behaviours in animals exposed to toluene (Funada, Sato, Makino, & Wada, ; Gerasimov et al., ; Lee, Gerasimov, Schiffer, & Gifford, ), acetone (Lee et al., ), and glue (Yavich, Patkina, & Zvartau, ). Toluene is readily self‐administered as a vaporized gas or intravenously in both nonhuman primates and mice (Blokhina, Dravolina, Bespalov, Balster, & Zvartau, ; Weiss, Wood, & Macys, ).…”