The effects of intra‐ and inter‐specific competition on the survival and growth of stocked juvenile Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo solar</i> L., and resident trout, <i>Salmo trutta</i> L., in an upland stream

Kennedy, G. J. A.; Strange, C. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb05184.x

Cited by 90 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…For example, the increased cover and bank shelter provided by large riparian trees and their roots create habitats that are strongly preferred by brown trout but not necessarily by juvenile salmon (Armstrong et al 2003). Several studies have shown potential negative effects of resident trout on Atlantic salmon via competition (Kennedy & Strange 1986, Hearn 1987) and predation (Henderson & Letcher 2003), but others have found little evidence of a negative interaction, and all of these studies have major constraints with respect to extension of their results to population impacts. In addition, mature riparian forests may provide denning and perching habitats for mammalian and avian predators (DeGraaf & Yamasaki 2000; some of which may themselves be conservation targets) but this topic has not been well studied in Atlantic salmon rivers.…”

Section: Complex Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riparian Management: Alternative Paradigms and Implications for Wild Salmon

Nislow

2010

Salmonid Fisheries

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Atlantic salmon spawn and rear in watersheds subject to a long and complex history of land-use change. The implications of these changes for salmon habitat and production in turn depend, to a large extent, on the manifestation of these changes in riparian zones, which exert significant control over the physical and chemical environments of rivers and streams. There has been considerable effort spent on conserving, restoring and managing riparian zones to improve habitat conditions for salmon, but there is considerable uncertainty as to the effectiveness of these actions. In this chapter, I consider riparian management strategies based on species requirements, where the goal is increased fish abundance and production, to strategies based on process restoration, where the goal is to restore key processes that have been altered by human activity, with the expectation that these processes will in turn increase productivity and diversity. I argue that effective riparian management should include both process-and species-oriented approaches. In order to demonstrate how this integration may work, I provide a case study of a riparian and instream habitat management programme for large woody debris (LWD) restoration in Atlantic salmon rearing streams in the northeastern US. In this study forest growth models and riparian and instream surveys are used to quantify expected LWD loads under different forest and habitat management scenarios. These results provide targets for management experiments (LWD additions and riparian forest prescriptions) which, in turn, are monitored to assess habitat and fish population response. This combined approach allows us to both evaluate established management strategies and learn more about the mechanisms by which riparian management affects fish populations. Salmonid Fisheries: Freshwater Habitat Management Paul Kemp

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Section: Complex Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riparian Management: Alternative Paradigms and Implications for Wild Salmon

Nislow

2010

Salmonid Fisheries

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“…In the streams selected by us, there were no fish predators. The absence of predators in the streams has a significant impact on the survival and growth of juvenile salmonids (Kennedy and Strange 1986) Analysis of the stomach contents of grayling fry show that the majority of all the taxa of the macroinvertebrates that were found in the stomachs of the fish occurred more numerously in the LFG than in the PFG fish. The same results were observed in the studies of Czerniawski et al (2014), where the LFG hatchery-reared trout, fed the same food as the grayling in the present study, had in their stomachs more organisms that the PFG fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Czerniawski¹,

Domagała²,

Krepski³

et al. 2015

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The survival rate and growth parameters of grayling fry were determined after stocking them in the wild. Before their release (7 July 2011) into the wild, the fry were reared for 7 weeks in the hatchery, in two groups: (i) fry fed on live daphnids and live chironomids larvae (LFG), (ii) fry fed on a pellet diet (PFG). On the 2 October 2011, the fish survival rate was checked; the fish were caught in the wild. The survival rate and specific growth rates were higher in the LFG than in the PFG. The most effective food for hatchery-reared fish to be used as stock was natural live food: zooplankton and chironomids larvae. In the wild the mean number of chironomids larvae and gammarids found in the stomachs of fish was significantly higher in the LFG than in the PFG. The prevalence of almost all taxa of macroinvertebrates in the stomachs of the LFG was higher than those from the PFG. The live diet supplied in the rearing period has a positively impact on fish foraging skills and their survival in the wild.

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“…Fish of the same species might be expected to compete more than fish of different species due to the commonality in their ecological requirements at similar life stages Kennedy and Strange 1986).…”

Section: Drift Samples (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hatchery-reared salmonids may compete with wild fish (Bachman 1984;Vincent 1987). Releases of large numbers of hatchery-reared fish increase the total density of fish in certain areas for varying lengths of time and competition for limited resources increases when fish density increases Kennedy and Strange 1986;Heggenes 1988;Christiansen et al 1992). Social interactions between hatchery and wild fish may negatively impact the wild fishes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Yakima River Species Interactions Studies, Progress Report, 1995-1997.

Pearsons¹

1998

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Executive SummarySpecies interactions research was initiated in 1989 to investigate ecological interactions among fish in response to proposed supplementation of salmon and steelhead in the upper Yakima River basin. This is the sixth of a series of progress reports that address species interactions research and pre-supplementation monitoring of fishes in the Yakima River basin. Data have been collected prior to supplementation to characterize the ecology and demographics of non-target taxa (NTT) and target taxon, predict the potential interactions that may occur as a result of supplementation, and develop methods to monitor interactions and supplementation success. Major topics of this report are associated with the ecology and life history of NTT, interactions experimentation, methods for sampling, risk assessment, and risk minimization. This report is organized into 14 chapters, with a general introduction preceding the first chapter. This annual report summarizes data collected primarily by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 1997 in the Yakima basin, however these data were compared to data from previous years to identify preliminary trends and patterns. Major preliminary findings from each of the chapters included in this report are described below.o Objectives for highly valued non-target taxa (NTT) were described as acceptable impacts to their current status that could be attributed to spring chinook salmon supplementation. Impacts to a NTT's distribution, abundance, or size structure in excess of the acceptable impact would indicate a failure to achieve an objective. The following objectives for NTT are recommended: accept no impact -bull trout, westslope cutthroat trout, Pacific lamprey; accept a maximum of 5% impact -Marion Drain fall chinook salmon, upper Yakima steelhead, mountain sucker, leopard dace, sand roller; accept a maximum of 10% impact -resident rainbow trout in the mainstem Yakima River, Naches steelhead, Satus steelhead, Toppenish steelhead, Naches spring chinook salmon, American River spring chinook salmon; accept a maximum of 40% impactmountain whitefish, resident rainbow trout in tributaries; and accept impacts up to a maximum that maintains all native species at sustainable levels. These objectives reflect the goal of having all native species at sustainable levels including populations robust enough to support harvest and recreation.o Certain species or guilds within an ecosystem may interact strongly with spring chinook salmon resulting in failure to achieve desired numerical goals of spring chinook salmon through supplementation. Monitoring the influence of strong interactor taxa relative to spring chinook salmon will aid in interpreting factors that may influence YFP success. Recommended objectives for strong interactors are of two types: 1) identify and reduce impacts of unnaturally high predatory, pathogenic, and competitory interactions that limit spring chinook salmon productivity, and 2) identify, conserve and enhance...

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The effects of intra‐ and inter‐specific competition on the survival and growth of stocked juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo solar L., and resident trout, Salmo trutta L., in an upland stream

Cited by 90 publications

References 9 publications

Riparian Management: Alternative Paradigms and Implications for Wild Salmon

Riparian Management: Alternative Paradigms and Implications for Wild Salmon

Untitled

Yakima River Species Interactions Studies, Progress Report, 1995-1997.

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