The effects of intumescent flame retardant including ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol and fly ash fillers on the physicomechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foams

Abstract

In this study, rigid polyurethane foams that contain up to 5.0 wt % fly ash (FA) being a by-product of thermal power stations and being cheap source were successfully produced using a polyurethane injection machine. The effects of FA content on the thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and flammability were investigated. The morphology of the cell was observed under a special microscope. The incorporation of FA in rigid polyurethane foams may dramatically decrease production costs and reduce environmental pollution. In addition, the effects of intumescent flame retardant composed of ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol were examined in pure rigid polyurethane foams and FA-rigid polyurethane foams. It was found that 5.0 and 7.5 wt % intumescent flame retardant loadings enhanced the thermal stability and improved the flammability resistance of the foams.

Processing and structure–property relationships of natural rubber/wheat bran biocomposites

“…As it can be seen, addition of fillers not only shifts the temperature position of maximum value of tan d peak, but also lowers the peak magnitude, which can be correlated with the reduced mobility of polymer chains at the matrix-filler interface. This indicates better adhesion at the matrix-filler interface and is in agreement with previous studies (Cao et al 2005;Sormana and Meredith 2004;Tarakcilar 2011). Bindu and Thomas, based upon the information and formulas presented by Abdalla and Kojima (Abdalla et al 2007;Bindu and Thomas 2013;Kojima et al 1993), proposed a method for calculation of the amount of polymer chains immobilized through matrix-filler interactions in accordance with formula (12):…”

Processing, mechanical and thermal behavior assessments of polycaprolactone/agricultural wastes biocomposites

“…8, addition of fillers not only shifts the tan ␦ peak towards higher temperatures, but also lowers the peak magnitude. This is in agreement with previous studies (Cao et al, 2005;Sormana and Meredith, 2004;Tarakcilar, 2011). Bindu and Thomas, based upon the information and formulas presented by Abdalla and Kojima (Abdalla et al, 2007;Bindu and Thomas, 2013;Kojima et al, 1993), proposed a method for calculation of the amount of polymer chains immobilized through matrix-filler interaction in accordance with Formula (5):…”

Intumescence: Tradition versus novelty. A comprehensive review

“….0 wt.-% IFR (APP:PER=2:1 weight ratio) with 5.0 wt.-% fly ash (FA) 5.0 enhanced the thermal stability and improved the flammability resistance of the rigid PU foams[310]. The incorporation of IFR and IFR/FA resulted in HRR (-26%), PHRR (-33%) and THR (-25%) significant reductions[311] A novel P-N containing IFR was synthesized and used in flame retardant PU foams.Figure 8agives the structure of some novel IFRs for PU foam.…”