The Effects of Iodine Fortified Milk on the Iodine Status of Lactating Mothers and Infants in an Area with a Successful Salt Iodization Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Iodine deficiency during the first two years of life may cause irreversible brain damage and mental retardation. The aim of the present study was to investigate, for the first time, the effect of iodine fortified milk on the iodine status of lactating mothers and their infants. In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, 84 lactating mother-infant pairs from health care centers were randomly selected. After meeting the inclusion criteria, lactating mothers were randomly assigned to two groups: the iodine fortified milk group and the control group (n = 42 each). Maternal and infant urine and breast milk samples were collected at 3–5 (baseline), 7, 10, 14 days, and 1 month postpartum, for a measurement of the iodine concentration. A total of 84 lactating mothers, with a mean age of 28.2 ± 4.5 years, and 84 infants, with a mean age of 4.2 ± 0.7 days, were included in the study. Compared to mothers of the control group, mothers receiving iodine fortified milk had higher urinary (p < 0.001) and breast milk (p < 0.001) iodine concentrations. Urinary iodine levels in infants revealed no significant differences between the two groups. The findings of this study indicate that supplementation with daily iodine fortified milk provides iodine nutrition adequacy among lactating mothers. However, it had no effect on the iodine status of infants, who were previously iodine sufficient.

Nutritional and Non-nutritional Composition of Human Milk Is Modulated by Maternal, Infant, and Methodological Factors

“…Iodine supplementation (75–400 mg iodine/day) increased HM iodine concentrations ( 30 – 32 ), although a lower dose (75 or 150 μg/d) through either supplementation ( 31 ) or fortification ( 33 ) may be insufficient to ensure adequate iodine status in women or their infants. Equally, administering a single dose of 400 mg iodine as oral iodized oil to mothers may be an effective strategy to provide adequate iodine to their infants through HM for at least 6 months compared with direct supplementation to infants ( 30 ).…”

Developing a technology for making goat's cottage cheese using the preparation Yodkazeine

“…Yodkazeine has proved to be an effective means in preventing iodine deficiency in adolescents and adults. Within 6 weeks after starting consuming the iodized milk, the bodies of the examined pupils showed the normalization of iodine level, while the adults improved their sleep and increased their performance [16,17].…”

“…At the same time, the use of the iodized salt almost did not change the level of secretion of natural iodine. Thus, consumption of Yodkazeine can be considered as an alternative and effective method of mass prophylaxis of iodine deficiency in the country's population [16,17].…”

Iodine status of reproductive age women and their toddlers in northern Ghana improved through household supply of iodized salt and weekly indigenous meal consumption

“…Though women had non-optimal iodine status, iodine status of their toddlers was within or near optimal levels. A possible biological explanation for this observation could be due to compensatory mechanism in the mammary glands to provide iodine enriched milk for children [35]. Though toddlers had higher iodine status, it appears the compensatory mechanism in the mammary glands strives to keep milk iodine status within or near optimal levels [23].…”

“…Our findings are in consonance with other clinical trial studies [36] that show a positive improvement of median UIC by iodized salt use in toddlers. A recent study published by Nazeri and colleagues [35] reported beneficial effect of iodine fortified foods in improving the median UIC of lactating women. Another study in northern Ghana [34] reports the beneficial effect of iodine fortified bouillon cubes.…”