The Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Nervous System

Gangloff, H.; Hug, O.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-005210-3.50005-6

Cited by 25 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 294 publications

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“…Left frontotemporal limbic dysfunction is the determining pattern of cerebral disorganization leading to schizophrenia (Flor-Henry 1976, 1983, 1989; Gruzelier and Hammond 1976; Gur 1978, 1997; Gruzelier 1997). The limbic system, particularly the hippocampus, is extremely radiosensitive (Lebedinsky and Nakhilnitzkaja 1960; Ganglof 1962; Haley 1962; Livanov 1962; Kimeldorf and Hunt [1965] 1969; Peimer et al 1985; Hunt 1987; Dudkin 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Persons Exposed to Ionizing Radiation as a Result of the Chernobyl Accident

Loganovsky¹,

Loganovskaja²

2000

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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We studied schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Chernobyl accident survivors by analyzing Chernobyl exclusion zone (EZ) archives (1986-1997) and by conducting a psychophysiological examination of 100 patients with acute radiation sickness (ARS) and 100 workers of the Chernobyl EZ who had worked as "liquidators-volunteers" for 5 or more years since 1986-1987. Beginning in 1990, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of schizophrenia in EZ personnel in comparison to the general population (5.4 per 10,000 in the EZ versus 1.1 per 10,000 in the Ukraine in 1990). Those irradiated by moderate to high doses (more than 0.30 Sv or 30 rem), including ARS patients, had significantly more left frontotemporal limbic and schizophreniform syndromes. We hypothesized that ionizing radiation may be an environmental trigger that can actualize a predisposition to schizophrenia or indeed cause schizophrenia-like disorders. The development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in overirradiated Chernobyl survivors may be due to radiation-induced left frontotemporal limbic dysfunction, which may be the neurophysiological basis of schizophrenia-like symptoms. Persons exposed to 0.30 Sv or more are at higher risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. An integration of international efforts to discuss and organize collaborative studies in this field is of great importance for both clinical medicine and neuroscience.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to ionizing radiation causes brain damage with limbic system dysfunction (Grigoriev 1958; Lebedinsky and Nakhilnitzkaja 1960; Gangloff 1962; Haley 1962; Lebedinsky 1962; Livanov 1962; Kimeldorf and Hunt [1965] 1969; Hunt 1987). Moreover, the hippocampus is a very radiosensitive structure (Kimeldorf and Hunt [1965] 1969; Davydov and Ushakov 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Persons Exposed to Ionizing Radiation as a Result of the Chernobyl Accident

Loganovsky¹,

Loganovskaja²

2000

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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“…It has been suggested that temporary changes in membrane permeability for potassium and sodium, the liberation of pharmacologically active substances such as serotonin and ACh, and interaction between lipoproteins and free radicals, may contribute to synaptic changes after radiation. 26 Changes in membrane permeability for sodium and potassium influence the activity of electrogenic Na + /K + pump. The pump in the skeletal muscle membrane generates a small electric current by extruding three Na + ions, while taking in only two K + ions in each cycle, and is responsible for action potential propagation.…”

Section: Neuromuscular Junctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation effects on skeletal muscle

Jurdana¹

2008

Radiology and Oncology

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Early neurovascular abnormalities underlying 6‐aminonicotinamide (6‐AN)‐induced congenital hydrocephalus in rats

Chamberlain

1970

Teratology

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Defects in the rat central nervous system during retarded brain development and congenital hydrocephalus were studied following single maternal injections of the niacinamide antimetabolite 6‐aminonicotinamide (6‐N) late in development. Histological and histochemical analyses indicated CNS hemorrhage and growth retardation of fetal brains 24 hours after treatment; fluid movement into cerebral ventricles was evidenced by secretionlike, circular “blebs” along the ependymal lining. There was transitorily increased glycogen in hypoplastic choroid plexuses with disruption of cerebral layering of neuroblasts. Despite thinned cerebral cortex and increased ventricular surface area, associated with cranial distortion and communicating, compensatory ventricular enlargement, normal intracranial pressure was recorded by day 21 of gestation. During the pathogenetic process macrophagic cells removed cellular debris and RBC's so that by term little evidence of early hemorrhage was apparent.

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The Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Nervous System

Cited by 25 publications

References 294 publications

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Persons Exposed to Ionizing Radiation as a Result of the Chernobyl Accident

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Persons Exposed to Ionizing Radiation as a Result of the Chernobyl Accident

Radiation effects on skeletal muscle

Early neurovascular abnormalities underlying 6‐aminonicotinamide (6‐AN)‐induced congenital hydrocephalus in rats

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