The effects of Lavender and Chamomile essential oil inhalation aromatherapy on depression, anxiety and stress in older community-dwelling people: A randomized controlled trial

Ebrahimi, Hossein; Mardani, Abbas; Basirinezhad, Mohammad Hasan; Hamidzadeh, Azam; Eskandari, Fatemeh

doi:10.1016/j.explore.2020.12.012

Cited by 77 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Non-pharmacological interventions can have a positive effect on the psychological effects of illness and quarantine. For instance, it has been indicated that non-pharmacological techniques such as yoga, music therapy, and aromatherapy can be used to overcome anxiety and depression 49 , 50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety and depression among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Motahedi

Aghdam

Khajeh

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Introduction During a pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed to many stresses that predispose them to psychological disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the anxiety and depression level of HCWs and determine the relationship between them in terms of their demographic characteristics. Material and Methods This study used a cross-sectional design. The participants consisted of clinical, administrative, and cleaning staff who were working in a referral COVID-19 hospital in an urban area of Iran. The census sampling method was used for recruiting the participants from May to August 2020. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale were employed to collect data. Then, data were analyzed using multivariable linear regression analysis. Results One hundred forty HCWs participated in this study. The mean scores of anxiety and depression were 6.64 (4.86) and 18.21 (10.59), respectively. There was a significant direct association between anxiety and depression (P < 0.001). In addition, female gender (P = 0.01) and having a history of infection with COVID-19 (P = 0.001) were associated with a higher level of anxiety. Moreover, having a history of being quarantined due to COVID-19 was associated with a higher level of depression (P = 0.03). Conclusion According to the findings of the present study, considering the mental health of HCWs during the generalized anxiety outbreak of COVID-19 should be a priority, and appropriate interventions should be planned to improve their psychological condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety and depression among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Motahedi

Aghdam

Khajeh

et al. 2021

Heliyon

Self Cite

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“…Several lines of evidence in human studies suggest the stress suppression effects of essential oils, such as lavender [ 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ], rose [ 91 ], rosemary [ 86 ], bergamot [ 93 , 94 , 95 ], chamomile [ 83 ], grapefruit [ 97 ], and neroli ( Citrus aurantium L. var. amara ) obtained from the flowers of bitter orange [ 98 ].…”

Section: Olfaction and Stress Response In The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smell and Stress Response in the Brain: Review of the Connection between Chemistry and Neuropharmacology

et al. 2021

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The stress response in the brain is not fully understood, although stress is one of the risk factors for developing mental disorders. On the other hand, the stimulation of the olfactory system can influence stress levels, and a certain smell has been empirically known to have a stress-suppressing effect, indeed. In this review, we first outline what stress is and previous studies on stress-responsive biomarkers (stress markers) in the brain. Subsequently, we confirm the olfactory system and review previous studies on the relationship between smell and stress response by species, such as humans, rats, and mice. Numerous studies demonstrated the stress-suppressing effects of aroma. There are also investigations showing the effects of odor that induce stress in experimental animals. In addition, we introduce recent studies on the effects of aroma of coffee beans and essential oils, such as lavender, cypress, α-pinene, and thyme linalool on the behavior and the expression of stress marker candidates in the brain. The transfer of volatile components into the brain is also discussed while using the results of thyme linalool as an example. These studies may provide a good opportunity to connect chemical research at the molecular level with neuropharmacological approaches in the future.

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“…It is usually used in perfumery and cosmetic products, while lavandin EO with a higher camphor percentage is used in household cleaning products [30]. Lavender EO yield is around 3% [31]; it has many applications as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) [32][33][34], with numerous applications in mental health settings as an antidepressant, sedative, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective [32], as well as showing antiseptic, antihypertensive, antispasmodic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties [27,33,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Biochemical Characterization of Essential Oils and Their Corresponding Hydrolats from Six Species of the Lamiaceae Family

Popa

Lupitu

Moţ

et al. 2021

Plants

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Many plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family are rich in essential oils (EOs) which are intensively used for aromatherapy, food and beverage flavoring, alternative medicine, cosmetics, and perfumery. Aerial parts of Thymus vulgaris L., Thymus pannonicus All., Lavandula angustifolia L., Lavandula x intermedia, Origanum vulgare L., and Origanum vulgare var. aureum L. were subjected to hydrodistillation, and both resulting fractions were analyzed. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content of six essential oils and their corresponding hydrolats (HDs) through GC-MS and spectrophotometric analyses. Overall, 161 compounds were identified, some found exclusively in essential oils and others in hydrolats, making them individual products with specific end purposes. The total phenolic content was the highest for the Thymus vulgaris L. EOs (3022 ± mg GAE L−1), because of its high phenolic oxygenated monoterpenes content (thymol and carvacrol) and the smallest for the Lavandula angustifolia L. EOs (258.31 ± 44.29 mg GAE L−1), while hydrolats varied from 183.85 ± 0.22 mg GAE L−1 for Thymus vulgaris L. HD and 7.73 mg GAE L−1 for Thymus pannonicus All. HD. Significant antioxidant effects determined through DPPH• and ABTS•+ assays were also observed in samples with higher hydrophilic compounds. The highest antioxidant activity was determined for Thymus vulgaris L. EO and its corresponding HD. Although EOs are the principal traded economic product, HDs represent a valuable by-product that could still present intense antiseptic activities, similar to their corresponding EOs (thyme and oregano), or have multiple aromatherapy, cosmetics, and household applications (lavender and lavandin).

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The effects of Lavender and Chamomile essential oil inhalation aromatherapy on depression, anxiety and stress in older community-dwelling people: A randomized controlled trial

Cited by 77 publications

References 40 publications

Anxiety and depression among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Anxiety and depression among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Smell and Stress Response in the Brain: Review of the Connection between Chemistry and Neuropharmacology

Chemical and Biochemical Characterization of Essential Oils and Their Corresponding Hydrolats from Six Species of the Lamiaceae Family

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