The Effects of Leadership Style on Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Across Hierarchical Levels

Abstract

Research has shown that leaders play a crucial role in driving a team's performance. In performing this role, leaders use different styles of leadership. Some leaders combine different leadership styles, such as directive and participative, and adjust them according to their situation. Leaders exist at varying hierarchies within the organizational structures, from lower-level supervisors to the top management level. As the new organizational paradigm emerges, decentralization and empowerment of lower-level leaders become essential in driving the organization's success. At the same time, leadership development at different hierarchies improves as information sharing, empowerment, and teams' development becomes more common. This study aims to understand different effective leadership styles in organizational leadership hierarchy, specifically job satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). This research adopts the correlational design with a cross-sectional survey design. The model uses a variance analysis for data analysis. The study found that there is no variance in leadership style in an organizational hierarchy. This research shows that the transformational style is most effective in driving OCB and job satisfaction.

Managing a Diverse Workforce in Zambian Firms

“…Results from the study provided evidence of a strong positive mediating effect of leadership on the relationship between workforce diversity in terms of gender, age, and cultural background and performance outcomes. The results show consistency with other reports that provided evidence of the link between leadership and improved organizational performance (Aras & Jufri, 2022;Bataineh et al, 2022;Madanchian et al, 2016;Ullah et al, 2022). Other researches showed the role leadership responsibility played in cultivating a positive organizational culture (Christopher & Edwinah, 2022), organizational citizenship behaviour (Alsayyed et al, 2020), improved innovation in the information technology sector (Arif & Akram, 2018;Jaroliya & Gyanchandani, 2022), the hospitality industry in Ghana (Day et al, 2022), and financial services in Ghana (Kyei-Frimpong et al, 2022).…”

The Impact of Intrinsic Rewards on Employee Engagement in The Food Industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina

“…The results showed that contingent reward contributes to job satisfaction when it comes to transactional leadership style, while idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration contribute to job satisfaction when the transformational leadership style is practiced. The results support various research that has been previously done on similar topics, especially considering transformational leadership style and its strong positive connection with job satisfaction such as Allozi et al (2022); Aras and Jufri (2022); Mahmood et al (2021); Sunarsi et al (2021); Widodo et al (2019). Aras and Jufri (2022) research also proved the positive relationship between transformational leadership style and job satisfaction, where employees felt significantly satisfied when their supervisor practiced characteristics of transformational leadership style.…”

“…The results support various research that has been previously done on similar topics, especially considering transformational leadership style and its strong positive connection with job satisfaction such as Allozi et al (2022); Aras and Jufri (2022); Mahmood et al (2021); Sunarsi et al (2021); Widodo et al (2019). Aras and Jufri (2022) research also proved the positive relationship between transformational leadership style and job satisfaction, where employees felt significantly satisfied when their supervisor practiced characteristics of transformational leadership style. In addition, Allozi et al (2022) had similar results where in UAE and Jordan manufacturing companies, employees show higher job satisfaction when they are working under a manager who is acting as a transformational leader; this study, however, showed that organizational commitment as the moderating role had no significance concerning job satisfaction.…”

“…Study findings show that transformational leadership has a significant and positive impact on job satisfaction, whilst organizational commitment as moderating role had no significance. Aras and Jufri (2022) This study explored the effects of Leadership Style on Employees' Job Satisfaction aiming to understand various leadership styles in the organizational leadership hierarchy.…”