The Effects of Leaf Primordia on Differentiation in the Stem

Young, Bennett

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1954.tb05253.x

Cited by 47 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Developing leaf primordia have long been thought to be the source of auxin production in shoot tips (Young 1954;Reinhardt et al 2000;Vernoux et al 2000;Chen et al 2001;Aloni et al 2003). Auxin is a morphogen and one of its characteristics, which is fundamental to plant morphogenesis, is that it is transported in a polar Terminal leaflets fused to lateral tendril manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Roles for auxin during morphogenesis of the compound leaves of pea ( Pisum sativum )

DeMason

Chawla

2004

Planta

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The goal of this study was to explore the impact of the plant growth regulator auxin on the development of compound leaves in pea. Wildtype ( WT) plantlets, as well as those of two leaf mutants, acacia ( tl) and tendrilled acacia ( uni-tac) of pea ( Pisum sativum L.), were grown on media containing the auxin-transport inhibitors 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), N-(1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid (NPA), or the auxin antagonist, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB). The resulting plantlets were carefully analyzed morphologically, by scanning electron microscopy and for Uni gene expression using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Auxin transport was measured in WT leaf parts using [(14)C]indole-3-acetic acid. Relative Uni gene expression was determined in shoot tips of a range of leaf-form mutants. Morphological abnormalities were observed for all genotypes examined. The terminal tendrils on WT plants were converted to leaflets, stubs or were aborted. The number of pinna pairs produced on leaves was reduced, with the distal forms being eliminated before the proximal ones. Some leaves were converted to simple, including tri-and bilobed, forms. These treatments phenocopy the uni-tac and unifoliata ( uni) mutants of pea. In the most extreme situations, leaf blades were completely lost leaving only a pair of stipules or scale leaves. Polar auxin transport was basipetal for all leaf parts. Uni gene expression in shoot tips was significantly reduced in 60 microM NPA and TIBA. Uni mRNA was more abundant in tl, af and af tl and reduced in the uni mutants compared to WT. These results indicate that an auxin gradient plays fundamental roles in controlling morphogenesis in the compound leaves of pea and specifically it: (i). is the driving force for leaf growth and pinna determination; (ii). is necessary for pinna initiation; and (iii). controls subsequent pinna development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Roles for auxin during morphogenesis of the compound leaves of pea ( Pisum sativum )

DeMason

Chawla

2004

Planta

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“…One major difference between seed plant SAMs and those of other extant vascular plants concerns the distribution and movement of auxin. In extant seed plants vasculature does not arise from the central region of the SAM, but rather from auxin maxima associated with leaf development in the peripheral zone of the meristem (Benkova et al 2003;Esau 1965;Mc Arthur and Steeves 1972;Reinhardt et al 2003;Schuetz et al 2008;Young 1954). In contrast, in lycophytes and ferns, it appears that the central region of the SAM acts as a source of auxin, which is transported basally in a polar fashion resulting in vascular tissues originating from the SAM itself (Wardlaw 1946a, b;Wochok and Sussex 1973).…”

Section: Auxin Defines Sites Of Growth and Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression patterns in seed plant shoot meristems and leaves: homoplasy or homology?

Floyd

Bowman

2009

J Plant Res

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The fossil record reveals that seed plant leaves evolved from ancestral lateral branch systems. Over time, the lateral branch systems evolved to become determinate, planar and eventually laminar. Considering their evolutionary histories, it is instructive to compare the developmental genetics of shoot apical meristems (SAMs) and leaves in extant seed plants. Genetic experiments in model angiosperm species have assigned functions of meristem maintenance, specification of stem cell identity, boundary formation, polarity establishment and primordium initiation to specific genes. Investigation of roles of the same or homologous genes during leaf development has revealed strikingly similar functions in leaves compared to SAMs. Specifically, the marginal blastozone that characterizes many angiosperm leaves appears to function in a manner mechanistically similar to the SAM. We argue here that the similarities may be homologous due to descent from ancestral roles in an ancestral shoot system. Molecular aspects of SAM and leaf development in gymnosperms is largely neglected and could provide insight into seed plant leaf evolution.

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“…Several studies have pointed to the importance of auxin for the differentiation of vascular tissues (Jacobs, 1952;Young, 1953;Aloni, 1987), as well as the implication of other plant hormones like cytokinin (Fukuda, 1997) and brassinosteroids (Yamamoto et al, 1997;Caño-Delgado et al, 2004). In fact, auxin plays a determinant role not only in vascular cell differentiation, but also in producing the continuity of vascular strands that finally become organized in a defined pattern (Sachs, 1981;1991;Berleth et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the shoot radial pattern in Arabidopsis thaliana by a gain-of-function allele of the class III HD-Zip gene INCURVATA4

Ochando¹,

González-Reig²,

Ripoll³

et al. 2008

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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The Effects of Leaf Primordia on Differentiation in the Stem

Cited by 47 publications

References 15 publications

Roles for auxin during morphogenesis of the compound leaves of pea ( Pisum sativum )

Roles for auxin during morphogenesis of the compound leaves of pea ( Pisum sativum )

Gene expression patterns in seed plant shoot meristems and leaves: homoplasy or homology?

Alteration of the shoot radial pattern in Arabidopsis thaliana by a gain-of-function allele of the class III HD-Zip gene INCURVATA4

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