The Effects of Lipids in Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis and the Effects of NaOH Treatment on the Composition of Extracted Bone Collagen

Lidén, Kerstin; Takahashi, Cheryl; Nelson, D. E.

doi:10.1006/jasc.1995.0034

Cited by 64 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The first sample of each fish was subjected to the lipid removal process following Bligh and Dyer (1959), as lipids are significantly lower in 13 C and thus the measured signal will not correspond to that for protein (e.g. Liden et al 1995;Sotiropoulos et al 2004;Mintenbeck et al 2008). Afterwards, the process of collagen extraction described above (excluding the NaOH step) was applied to all samples.…”

Section: Sample Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A lack of freshwater reservoir effects in human radiocarbon dates in the Eneolithic to Iron Age in the Minusinsk Basin

Svyatko

Polyakov

Ogle

et al. 2016

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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A number of recent studies have highlighted the importance of freshwater reservoir effects (FRE) when dating human remains across large parts of Eurasia, including the Eurasian steppes. Here, we address this question in the context of the Early Bronze Age (Okunevo), Late Bronze Age (Karasuk) and Late Iron Age (Tashtyk culture) of the Minusinsk Basin, Southern Siberia. The issue is important given the large number of radiocarbon dates that have been published on human remains here, which have been used both to refine the cultural historical sequence (Svyatko et al. 2009), as well as to suggest a date of ca. 1400 BC for the appearance of millet agriculture (Svyatko et al. 2013). In these studies, it was argued that there was little or no freshwater reservoir effect to take into account, despite the likely consumption of freshwater fish. Subsequent work across the steppe raised a legitimate question concerning this assumption. Here, we present the first set of paired dates on late prehistoric humans and terrestrial fauna from the Minusinsk Basin, as well as data from modern fish for the region. The results, with one exception, show no clear evidence for a reservoir effect, with the human-fauna difference averaging −31 ± 95 14 C years. Yet, dating of modern fish from the Yenisei River and its tributary Karasuk River does show a variable but significant FRE. Either this effect has changed radically over time, or the contribution of fish to human diets in the Minusinsk Basin was less than previously thought.

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Section: Sample Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A lack of freshwater reservoir effects in human radiocarbon dates in the Eneolithic to Iron Age in the Minusinsk Basin

Svyatko

Polyakov

Ogle

et al. 2016

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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“…Being extremely fragile and in most cases in very small samples, archaeological fish bones were not subjected to NaOH treatment to avoid further collagen loss, as NaOH treatment has shown to decrease collagen yields of bone samples (Liden et al 1995).…”

Section: Pretreatment Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study also demonstrated no systematic effect of NaOH wash on δ 15 N values of the samples, slightly lower C:N atomic ratios compared to the samples treated with ultra-filtration method (Brown et al 1988 modified in Richards and Hedges 1999; includes both ultra-filtration and filtration with Ezee® filter separators), and fairly consistent %C and %N values of 41.1-44.7% and 14-16% respectively, suggesting that the use of NaOH removes the non-protein contaminants. The data on the effect of NaOH treatment on collagen yields of bone samples generally demonstrates a decrease in collagen yields (Liden et al 1995) although not as remarkable as the effect of ultrafiltration (Jorkov et al 2007). …”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Freshwater Reservoir Effect on Redating of Eurasian Steppe Cultures: First Results for Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age Northeast Kazakhstan

2015

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Abstract:Freshwater reservoir effects (FRE) can cause a major problem with radiocarbon dating human skeletal material in the Eurasian steppe. We present the first results of research into the extent of the FRE in the sites of Borly 4 (Eneolithic), and Shauke 1 and 8b (Early Bronze Age), North-Eastern Kazakhstan. AMS C dates from aquatic and human samples from the area need to be interpreted with caution as they are likely to be affected by the offset (i.e. appear older).The paper also discusses the effect of a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) wash on δ 13 C, δ 15 N, C:Natomic levels and collagen yields of the bone samples. Our results indicate a minor but significant effect of NaOH treatment only on C:Natomic ratios of the samples.

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“…Recent assessments of isolation protocols for archaeological bone collagen (Liden, Takahashi, and Nelson 1995) suggest that methods of extraction using only sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to remove lipids and humic contaminants can decrease collagen yields and fail to completely remove lipids. The dentin samples analyzed here were quite small, the majority weighing less than 30 mg; therefore maximizing collagen yield while ensuring collagen purity was of central concern.…”

Section: Isotopic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dentin samples analyzed here were quite small, the majority weighing less than 30 mg; therefore maximizing collagen yield while ensuring collagen purity was of central concern. Thus, a collagen purification protocol designed to minimize contaminants in very small samples was adapted from methods modified from those detailed by Stafford (personal communication 2002), Liden et al (1995) and Ambrose (1993). Samples were crushed with an agate mortar and pestle and continually flushed for four hours with a 10:5:1 solution of methanol, chloroform and water in a Soxhlet distillation apparatus to remove lipids, then air-dried for 48 hours at room temperature.…”

Section: Isotopic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Dietary Histories Among the Immigrants of Machu Picchu: Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Evidence

2010

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This study estimates dietary composition during infancy and childhood among 71 adults interred at the site of Machu Picchu, a royal Inca estate in the southern highlands of Peru. Recent research suggests that the majority of individuals were members of the cosmopolitian yana and aclla servant classes, and immigrated to the site from different regions; individual dietary histories may have been similarly varied. Diet was estimated at multiple points in early life through characterization of carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in tooth enamel and dentin, which preserve isotopic values from the first years of life. These data were compared to isotopic data from modern food samples, and analyzed using recently-published statistical models. A subset of individuals also has existing bone collagen isotopic data, which reflects diet from the last decade of life and thus permits comparison over the life course. Results indicate significant variation in enamel δ 13 C (approximately 12‰), dentin δ 13 C (approximately 9‰) and δ 15 N (approximately 8‰) between individuals across the study population. These findings suggest substantial variability in diet during infancy and childhood, and support interpretations that this population was primarily yanacona or mixed yanacona/acllacona. This study also highlights the utility of multi-tissue isotopic analysis in more nuanced reconstruction of diet in the ancient Andes.Key words: Stable isotopes, teeth, Inca, paleodiet, Precolumbian Andes. este estudio estima la composición dietética durante la infancia y la niñez en 71 entierros de adultos del sitio machu Picchu, una propiedad real inca en las montañas de Perú. esta investigación sugiere que la mayoría de los individuos eran miembros de una clase cosmopolita de servidores yana y aclla que inmigraron a este sitio desde diferentes regiones, por lo que sus historias dietéticas tempranas pudieron haber sido variadas. la dieta fue estimada en múltiples puntos de la primera parte de la vida de estos individuos a través de la caracterización de las proporciones de isotópicos estables de carbón y nitrógeno conservados en el esmalte y dentina de la dentadura desde las primeras épocas de vida de los individuos. estos datos fueron comparados con datos isotópicos de alimentos actuales y analizados con modelos

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The Effects of Lipids in Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis and the Effects of NaOH Treatment on the Composition of Extracted Bone Collagen

Cited by 64 publications

References 18 publications

A lack of freshwater reservoir effects in human radiocarbon dates in the Eneolithic to Iron Age in the Minusinsk Basin

A lack of freshwater reservoir effects in human radiocarbon dates in the Eneolithic to Iron Age in the Minusinsk Basin

Freshwater Reservoir Effect on Redating of Eurasian Steppe Cultures: First Results for Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age Northeast Kazakhstan

Variation in Dietary Histories Among the Immigrants of Machu Picchu: Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Evidence

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