The effects of local cooling rates on perfusion of sacral skin under externally applied pressure in people with spinal cord injury: an exploratory study

Jan, Yih‐Kuen

doi:10.1038/s41393-019-0378-x

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The expressions of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis factors were lower in 17I group compared with 17R group. Recent studies have shown that the changes in blood flow during the formation of PI may cause accumulation of inflammatory factors and increased consumption of oxygen, leading to tissue damage (22)(23) . Low-temperature intervention during the ischemia period can reduce cell metabolism and tissue oxygen consumption, which inhibits the activation of apoptosis factors and upregulates the expression of anti-apoptotic factors during the formation of PI, leading to less cell death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low temperature exerts protective effects by inhibiting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway following pressure injury to rat muscle

Zhang

Miao

Tang

et al. 2021

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

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Objective: We aimed to determine the effect of different low-temperature range interventions at different time-points in a rat model of pressure injury (PI) produced by Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to blank control, injury control, and temperature intervention groups. Rats in the injury control and temperature intervention groups (involving exposure to different temperature range at different time-points) were subjected to three cycles of I/R injury with 2-h ischemia and 0.5-h reperfusion to induce PI. Results: The muscle tissues exhibited degenerative changes after compression. Low temperature intervention of 16–18°C in the ischemia period resulted in the lowest degree of tissue damage and significantly decreased levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-9, and caspase-3. Moreover, it resulted in the highest expression level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and lowest expression levels of Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 in muscle tissues among all intervention groups. Conclusion: Low-temperature intervention at 16–18°C during the ischemia period showed optimal effects on the expressions of apoptotic factors during the development of PI with I/R-induced tissue damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low temperature exerts protective effects by inhibiting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway following pressure injury to rat muscle

Zhang

Miao

Tang

et al. 2021

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

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“…SBF signals were sampled at 32 Hz. Peak SBF, total SBF, and recovery time of the SBF response to cupping therapy were used to characterize SBF response to cupping therapy (Hagisawa et al, 1994;Jan et al, 2005Jan et al, , 2013Jan, 2020). An electric cupping device was used to apply negative pressure (Powerpress Pro, Neomedic, Chatsworth, CA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SBF responses after cupping therapy were quantified as peak SBF (in perfusion unit), total SBF (in perfusion unit), and recovery time (in seconds) (Figure 1) (Jan et al, 2013;Jan, 2020). Peak SBF was defined as the maximum value of blood flow after cupping therapy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recovery time was defined as the SBF value reached to a steady level. SBF values after cupping therapy were expressed as a ratio of baseline SBF (no unit) to overcome temporal variations of SBF measured in four different days (Jan et al, 2005(Jan et al, , 2013Jan, 2020). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used to assess the differences in SBF response between and within groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Pressures and Durations of Cupping Therapy on Skin Blood Flow Responses

Wang

Zhang

Elliott

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Cupping therapy has been widely used in treating musculoskeletal impairments. However, there is no specific guideline on selecting the intensity of cupping therapy, including the pressure and duration. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different pressures and durations of cupping therapy on skin blood flow responses. A 2 × 2 factorial design, including two negative pressures at −225 and −300 mmHg and two durations at 5 and 10 min, was tested in 12 healthy participants. The four protocols of cupping therapy were tested in four different days. Skin blood flow was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry on the left triceps (the SJ12 acupoint). Skin blood flow after cupping therapy was expressed as a ratio of skin blood flow before cupping therapy. The results showed that −300 mmHg caused a significant increase in peak skin blood flow (16.7 ± 2.6 times) compared to −225 mmHg (11.1 ± 2.2 times, p < 0.05) under 5-min duration. The largest difference in skin blood flow is between −300 mmHg for 5 min (16.7 ± 2.6 times) and −225 mmHg for 10 min (8.1 ± 2.3 times, p < 0.01). Our findings demonstrated that a higher value (300 mmHg) of negative pressure is more effective on increasing skin blood flow compared to a lower value (225 mmHg). Also, a shorter duration (5 min) causes a larger peak and total skin blood flow compared to a longer duration (10 min). This study provides the first evidence showing the effect of pressures and durations of cupping therapy on skin blood flow responses.

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“…In contrast, lower-thannormal temperature reduces skin tissue's metabolic demands and could increase skin's physiological tolerance to pressure-induced damage [6]. Indeed, early animal [7] and preliminary human [8,9] studies show that reduced skin temperature minimises the risk of PU formation [10]. While this evidence highlights the potential therapeutic role of skin cooling for maintaining tissue health, the mechanisms by which cooling enhances skin tolerance to pressure, shear, and friction remain poorly understood [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal modulation of skin friction at the fingertip

Filingeri

Worsley

Bader

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Preliminary human studies show that reduced skin temperature minimises the risk of mechanically-induced skin damage. However, the mechanisms by which cooling enhances skin tolerance to pressure and shear remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that skin cooling below thermo-neutral conditions will decrease friction at the skin-material interface. To test our hypothesis, we measured the friction coefficient of a thermally pre-conditioned index finger sliding at a normal load (5N) across a plate maintained at three different temperatures (38, 24, and 16°C). To quantify the temperature distribution of the skin tissue, we used 3D surface scanning and Optical Coherence Tomography to develop an anatomically-representative thermal model of the finger. Our data indicated that the sliding finger with thermally affected tissues (up to 8mm depth) experienced significantly (p<0.01) lower frictional forces at 16°C-plate temperature than at the 24°C [-23% (19% SD)] and 38°C plate interactions [-35% (11% SD)], respectively. This phenomenon occurred without changes in skin hydration during sliding. Accordingly, our experiments demonstrate thermal modulation of skin friction in the absence of skin-moisture effects. Our complementary experimental and theoretical results provide new insight into thermal modulation of skin friction that can be employed for developing thermal technologies to maintain skin integrity under mechanical loading.

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The effects of local cooling rates on perfusion of sacral skin under externally applied pressure in people with spinal cord injury: an exploratory study

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Low temperature exerts protective effects by inhibiting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway following pressure injury to rat muscle

Low temperature exerts protective effects by inhibiting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway following pressure injury to rat muscle

Effect of Pressures and Durations of Cupping Therapy on Skin Blood Flow Responses

Thermal modulation of skin friction at the fingertip

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