The Effects of Low-Dose Non-ionizing and Ionizing Radiation on Wound Healing and Cancer

Essa, Raahilah Zahir; Chew, Ming Tsuey; Bradley, D.A.; Peh, Suat‐Cheng; Teow, Sin-Yeang

doi:10.1007/16833_2022_60

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The relationship between low doses of radiation and wound healing, however, is not straightforward. Depending on factors such as the duration of exposure, the severity of the wound, and the individual’s overall health, low doses of radiation could either positively or negatively affect wound healing [ 21 , 82 , 83 , 84 ]. The findings from this study in HMEC-1, a group of human dermal microvascular ECs, may encourage further research to investigate the effects of acute exposure to low doses of radiation on angiogenesis in wounds and the healing process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Dependent Effects of Radiation on Mitochondrial Morphology and Clonogenic Cell Survival in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Wang,

Rivas,

Wilson

et al. 2023

Cells

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To better understand radiation-induced organ dysfunction at both high and low doses, it is critical to understand how endothelial cells (ECs) respond to radiation. The impact of irradiation (IR) on ECs varies depending on the dose administered. High doses can directly damage ECs, leading to EC impairment. In contrast, the effects of low doses on ECs are subtle but more complex. Low doses in this study refer to radiation exposure levels that are below those that cause immediate and necrotic damage. Mitochondria are the primary cellular components affected by IR, and this study explored their role in determining the effect of radiation on microvascular endothelial cells. Human dermal microvascular ECs (HMEC-1) were exposed to varying IR doses ranging from 0.1 Gy to 8 Gy (~0.4 Gy/min) in the AFRRI 60-Cobalt facility. Results indicated that high doses led to a dose-dependent reduction in cell survival, which can be attributed to factors such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, low doses induced a small but significant increase in cell survival, and this was achieved without detectable DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell senescence, or mitochondrial dysfunction in HMEC-1. Moreover, the mitochondrial morphology was assessed, revealing that all doses increased the percentage of elongated mitochondria, with low doses (0.25 Gy and 0.5 Gy) having a greater effect than high doses. However, only high doses caused an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation/swelling. The study further revealed that low doses induced mitochondrial elongation, likely via an increase in mitochondrial fusion protein 1 (Mfn1), while high doses caused mitochondrial fragmentation via a decrease in optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1). In conclusion, the study suggests, for the first time, that changes in mitochondrial morphology are likely involved in the mechanism for the radiation dose-dependent effect on the survival of microvascular endothelial cells. This research, by delineating the specific mechanisms through which radiation affects endothelial cells, offers invaluable insights into the potential impact of radiation exposure on cardiovascular health.

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