The effects of <i>n</i>-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich total parenteral nutrition on neutrophil apoptosis in a rat endotoxemia

Abstract

Although recruited neutrophils function as first-line defense to remove bacteria, delayed apoptosis is implicated in persistent inflammation leading to organ injury. Leukotrien B4, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) product, is one of the mediators that delay neutrophil apoptosis. The mechanism of the beneficial effects of supplementation of fish oil-based long-chain n-3 PUFAs in parenteral nutrition for critically ill patients has not been fully understood. One possible mechanism is the less inflammatory n-3 PUFAs products can compete with proinflammatory n-6 PUFAs products for access to the enzymes. The aim of this study was to determine whether n-3 PUFA rich parenteral nutrition may alter the composition of fatty acids in the neutrophil membrane and restore delay of neutrophil apoptosis during endotoxin-induced systemic inflammation in rats. The animals in group 1 were treated with 20% Hicaliq NC-N in Neoparen-2 for three days. The animals in group 2 (referred to as n-6 PUFA-rich parenteral nutrition) were given parenteral nutrition solutions containing 20% soybean oil in Neoparen-2 (n-6/n-3 = 10). The animals in group 3 (referred to as n-3 PUFA-rich parenteral nutrition) were administered parenteral nutrition consisting of 10% soybean oil and 10% fish oil emulsion (n-6/n-3 = 1.3). The n-3/n-6 ratio of the neutrophil membrane was significantly increased in group 3 and was associated with restored lipopolysaccharide-delayed-apoptosis of neutrophils in bone marrow cells and increased production of leukotriene B5 from peritoneal neutrophils stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Our preliminary results showed that n-3 PUFA-rich parenteral nutrition regulated neutrophil apoptosis and prevented synthesis of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, explaining the protective effects seen in the clinical setting.

Supplementation of parenteral nutrition with fish oil attenuates acute lung injury in a rat model

“…( 12 ) We previously demonstrated that n -3 PUFA-rich PN regulated neutrophil apoptosis and prevented synthesis of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, partially explaining the protective effects seen in the clinical setting. ( 33 ) Our results are also consistent with previous studies suggesting that utilizing fish oil to partly replace soybean oil in PN may both decrease the amount of linoleic acid and increase the amount of biologically-active n -3 PUFA. In clinical studies of patients with sepsis who were intolerant of EN and received PN with either standard soybean oil-based emulsion or an emulsion containing fish oil, blood leukocyte counts and serum C-reactive protein concentrations were lower and production of LTB 5 by stimulated neutrophils was much higher in patients receiving fish oil.…”

Intravenous fish oil lipid emulsions in critically ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

“…More recently, in a rat model of sepsis, Terashima et al . [ 69 ] demonstrated that FO-enriched PN may regulate neutrophil functions, restoring delayed apoptosis, which was associated with an increase in leukotriene B5 (LTB5) production from peritoneal neutrophils. Hecker et al .…”

Anti‐senescence effect of FatI gene in goat somatic cells

“…Conversely, n ‐3 PUFAs have a series of beneficial effects on mammalian cells, which can inhibit allergic reactions, cancer, and a series of cellular lesions . Studies have shown that n ‐3 PUFAs can protect the mitochondrial membrane integrity, maintain mitochondrial activity, improve cell activity through adjusted K + channel activity and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and inhibit cell apoptosis . High concentrations of n ‐3 PUFAs can be adjusted by the second messenger to promote cell proliferation.…”