The effects of management practices on soil organic carbon stocks of oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia

Rahman, Niharika; Neergaard, Andreas de; Magid, Jakob; Ven, G.W.J. van de; Bruun, Thilde Bech

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111446

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…We added organic manure of animal and plant origin (mostly from external sources), emptied bunches of oil palm, residues from the palm oil industry, and castor bean cake. This type of fertilization represents a direct and greater C supply than chemical fertilization (Bakar et al, 2011; Rahman et al, 2021), which was the main nutrient source in monoculture areas. This may have indirectly created a favorable environment for root growth, soil macrofauna, and microbial biomass (Carron et al, 2015; Tao et al, 2018), enhancing C input to the soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher POx‐C content in the management zones of the AFS than in the monoculture areas likely reflects the management of these oil palm cultivation systems. Differences between weeded circle zones may result from the input of organic fertilizers in the AFS, which may increase soil C (Bakar et al, 2011; Rahman et al, 2021). We postulate that the lack of herbicide use in the AFS harvest path zone allows the development of spontaneous plants (mostly gramineous species) that may add carbon to this management zone; in contrast, the use of herbicides in monocultures may hinder the accumulation of soil C in the harvest path of monoculture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil C in tropical regions is strongly related to the input of organic material of vegetal origin in the soil (de Moraes Sá et al, 2015;Fujisaki et al, 2018;Hertel et al, 2009). Typical oil palm plantation management generates a heterogeneous input of organic matter in soil (Frazão et al, 2013;Goodrick et al, 2015;Rahman et al, 2021), which in turn determines a marked spatial variation in soil variables, including soil C (Law et al, 2010;Nelson et al, 2014). Soil organic matter content and other soil chemical and physical variables (Ramos et al, 2018;Rüegg et al, 2019) differ between three characteristic management zones of oil palm plantations, including the: (a) harvest path, where machines traverse (low organic matter input); (b) weeded circle located in the oil palm canopy projection, from where weeds are eliminated (intermediate organic matter input); and (c) leaf pile, where pruned leaves are deposited (high organic matter input) (Rahman et al, 2018(Rahman et al, , 2021Rüegg et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oil palm agroforestry shows higher soil permanganate oxidizable carbon than monoculture plantations in Eastern Amazonia

et al. 2021

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The expansion of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) cultivation in degraded areas has increased in the Brazilian Amazon. Cultivation of oil palm in diversified agroforestry systems may be a relatively sustainable alternative to monocultures for crop expansion. Here, we evaluated the effect of oil palm cultivation systems on soil C, an important indicator of the soil quality of production systems. We assessed:(1) whether these systems of oil palm cultivation alter the potassium permanganate oxidizable C content (POx-C) and the carbon management index (CMI); and (2) how the POx-C varied among management zones (harvest path, leaf pile, weeded circle, and diversified strip). The soil C indices of the oil palm cultivation systems were also compared with those of secondary forests. POx-C varied consistently based on the pattern agroforestry > secondary forest = monoculture, ranging from 0.95 ± 0.14 (agroforestry) to 0.66 ± 0.10 gÁkg À1 (monoculture). The POx-C pattern among management zones was pile > diversified strip = weeded circle > harvest path. The CMI was higher in agroforestry than in monoculture. We found that these indices are sensitive to land-use systems and management practices that affect organic matter input. Organic fertilization and species diversity likely drive the improvement of soil quality in agroforestry systems than in monocultures through C input to the soil directly and indirectly, by creating favorable conditions for the action of root and fauna that in turn positively affect soil C. Therefore, we postulate that soil quality improves through oil palm agroforestry than through oil palm monocultures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oil palm agroforestry shows higher soil permanganate oxidizable carbon than monoculture plantations in Eastern Amazonia

et al. 2021

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“…The variations in SOC content of the OPPs are attributed to the adoption of different crop residue management practices such as mulching and intercropping [55]. Several studies have highlighted that proper crop residue management in OPPs such as the addition of chopped, pruned leaves and empty fruit bunches at the palm basin leading to enhancement of the SOC and improvement in FFB yields [59,60].…”

Section: Soil Properties and Available Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield Variability in Oil Palm Plantations in Tropical India Is Influenced by Surface and Sub-Surface Soil Fertility and Leaf Mineral Nutrient Contents

et al. 2022

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Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), an industrial oilseed crop, is the most prominent oil-producing crop in the world and one of the highest dry matter producers among C3 plants. It removes large amounts of soil nutrients to support its substantial biomass and oil production. Thus, maintaining adequate levels of limiting nutrients at favorable ratios in the soil is crucial to sustain the required palm nutritional status and oil production over extended periods. We evaluated the levels and ratios of the available soil and leaf nutrients in high-yielding (HYOPP) and low-yielding (LYOPP) oil palm plantations from two locations in southern India and assessed their relations to develop effective nutrient management for sustaining fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production. The FFB yield varied from 2.00 to 31.0 t ha−1 (location 1) and 6.84 to 30.9 t ha−1 (location 2), and the FFB yields of the high- and low-yield population at each location differed significantly. Wide ranges of soil properties, available nutrients, and leaf nutrients concentrations were observed at 0–20- and 20–40-cm soil depths at both locations. The soil nutrient ratios at both sampling depths of the HYOPP were significantly different than the LYOPP at location 1. The mean leaf N (2.09%) and K (0.68%) concentrations at location 2 were significantly higher than those in location 1 (1.85% and 0.54, respectively). The mean leaf concentrations at both locations followed the order N (1.85%, 2.09%) > Ca (1.65%, 1.36%) > K (0.54%, 0.68%) > Mg (0.49%, 0.47%) > S (0.16%, 0.18) > P (0.11%, 0.12%) > B (35.8 mg kg−1, 27.5 mg kg−1). We observed positive and significant correlations between the available N and P at 0–20 cm and between the available N and K as well as Ca and S at both soil depths for HYOPPs. In LYOPPs, the available N was significantly correlated with the available P, K, Ca, and Mg at both soil depths and with the available S at 0–20 cm. The FFB yield of LYOPPs was positively and significantly correlated with the available P and S at the 0–20-cm soil depth and with the available N and P at the 20–40-cm soil depth. Except for a negative correlation (p < 0.05) with exchangeable Ca at the 20–40-cm soil depth, the FFB yield in HYOPPs had no significant correlation with the available soil nutrients at both depths. The FFB yield of LYOPPs had a positive significant (p < 0.01) correlation with the leaf P and K concentrations, while the yield of HYOPPs had a negative correlation (p < 0.01) with the leaf P. Fertilizer accounts for a large part of the on-farm cost in oil palm plantations, and an evidenced approach for fertilizer management based on nutrient contents and ratios in the soil and in the plant is useful for sustainable and profitable production of palm oil.

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“…Conversely, a high fraction of sand content can lead to a low SOC storage. Soil bulk density can significantly affect carbon stock [22]. Soil depth affects the SOC stock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Organic Carbon Stocks under Different Land Utilization Types in Western Kenya

Kibet

Musafiri²,

Kiboi

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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The up-surging population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has led to the conversion of more land for agricultural purposes. Resilient land utilization types that input carbon to the soil are key in enhancing climate change mitigation. However, there are limited data on different land utilization types’ contribution to climate mitigation through carbon input to soils. The study aims to quantify carbon stock across different land utilization types (LUT) practiced in Western Kenya. The following land utilization types were studied: agroforestry M (agroforestry with Markhamia lutea), sole sorghum, agroforestry L (agroforestry with Leucaena leucocephalaI), sole maize, and grazing land replicated thrice. To determine soil bulk density, SOC concentration, and soil carbon stock, soil samples were collected at depths of 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm from different LUTs. A PROC ANOVA was used to determine the difference in soil bulk density, SOC, and SOC stock between different LUTs and depths. The four variables differed across the LUTs and depths. A high soil bulk density was observed at 0–5 cm under grazing land (1.6 g cm−3) and the lowest under agroforestry M (1.30 g cm−3). Conversely, the soil bulk density was low at 20–30 cm under grazing land. The 0–5 cm depth accounted for a high share of SOC and SOC stock under Agroforestry M, while the 10–20 and 20–30 cm depth accounted for the high share of SOC stock under agroforestry L. The study showed differences in SOC across the different depths and LUTs. The findings highlight that agroforestry L and agroforestry M are promising interventions toward climate mitigation through carbon induction to soils.

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The effects of management practices on soil organic carbon stocks of oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Oil palm agroforestry shows higher soil permanganate oxidizable carbon than monoculture plantations in Eastern Amazonia

Oil palm agroforestry shows higher soil permanganate oxidizable carbon than monoculture plantations in Eastern Amazonia

Yield Variability in Oil Palm Plantations in Tropical India Is Influenced by Surface and Sub-Surface Soil Fertility and Leaf Mineral Nutrient Contents

Soil Organic Carbon Stocks under Different Land Utilization Types in Western Kenya

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