The effects of market structure on television news pricing

Profile: Does infomercial clearance vary by managerial, organizational, and market factors?

“…NWC is the number of unduplicated television households who watch a station once for at least five minutes during a test week (Broadcasting Yearbook, 1990). NWC was entered as a continuous variable (Bates, 1983(Bates, , 1988Litman, 1980;Wirth & Wollert, 1984). The additional revenue item was dropped because the majority of respondents said it was an important consideration (see Results section).…”

Models, methods, and assumptions: The usefulness of a multi‐method approach to the examination of influence in TV pricing

“…There have been a considerable number of attempts to model the price of television time in the VS. Besen (1976Besen ( ,1978, Levin (1980), Founder and Martin (1983), and Wirth and Wollert (1984) all developed simple models for the explanation of prices of television time, using a single, aggregated set of data. Peterman (1971) also utilized a single model to examine the influence of a variety of factors on the price of television time, although he relaxed the assumption of uniformity somewhat by looking for differences in effects between large and small markets.…”

“…The next significant difference noted among the various models was the contribution of the variable measuring cable penetration in the market. Most studies (Fisher and Ferrall, 1966;Park, 1971Park, ,1972Wirth and Wollert, 1984) had argued, or found, that the impact of cable penetration upon broadcast stations would be negative, although Park (1971) argued that the impact of cable upon UHF stations would initially be positive but would eventually also become negative. Contrary to these findings, the influence of cable in the linear models was uniformly positive (where significant), and not significantly different from zero for the fully aggregated multiplicative and double log models.…”

Varying commercialization and clutter levels to enhance television airtime attractiveness in early fringe

“…Cable penetration was used as a control as there is no widely accepted way of measuring interindustry competition (Dimmick and Rothenbuhler, 1984). Because cable and VCR penetration were highly correlated (.952) and regressions using each were virtually identical, only cable penetration was used and entered as a continuous variable in the regressions (Wirth and Wollert, 1984).…”