The effects of method of processing of starters, tallow inclusion and roughage supplementation on the performance of early-weaned calves

Caffrey, Patrick; Miller, C.N.; Brophy, P. O.; Kelleher, D.L.

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(88)90087-9

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Hill et al (2007c) held intake constant when a broader blend of fatty acids, but including C 18:3 , was added to starters, and reported an increase in ADG. In fact, any increase in intake from added flax oil is unlike the typical response of decreased intake and ADG when larger amounts of oil are added to starters (Caffrey et al, 1988;Doppenberg and Palmquist, 1991).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The method chosen to manipulate the fatty acid profile of the diet should minimize the total amount of fat added to the diet and consider if a fat source also alters the CP quality of the diet (i.e., oil seeds). Added oil has been shown to reduce intake and ADG in calves (Caffrey et al, 1988;Doppenberg and Palmquist, 1991). Kuehn et al (1994) reported reduced intake and ADG when roasted soybeans replaced soybean meal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of changing the essential and functional fatty acid intake of dairy calves

Hill¹,

Bateman²,

Aldrich³

et al. 2009

Journal of Dairy Science

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There is limited information on the effects and requirements of specific fatty acids for dairy calves. The starter diet based on corn and soybean meal, which is typical in the United States, is low in C(18:3), and the ratio of C(18:2) to C(18:3) is quite high relative to recommendations for human infants. Additionally, other functional fatty acids (C(20:4), C(20:5), C(22:6)) elongated from C(18:2) and C(18:3) have proven benefits in monogastric species. Thus, the effect of adding Ca salts of flax oil (high in C(18:3)) or fish oil (high in C(20:4), C(20:5), C(22:6)) to the starter diet of calves less than 3 mo old was investigated. In trial 1, 48 Holstein bull calves [43.2 +/- 1.4 kg of body weight (BW); 12/treatment] that were 2 to 3 d of age were fed 1 of 4 starter treatments containing A) no flax or fish oil (control), B) 0.125% Ca salt of flax oil, C) 0.250% Ca salt of flax oil, or D) 0.250% Ca salt of fish oil. Starters and water were fed free-choice to calves. During the first 56 d, calves were individually penned. From arrival until d 28, calves were fed a 26% crude protein, 17% fat milk replacer. From 56 to 84 d, calves were penned in groups of 6 and maintained on their same starter blended with 5% chopped grass hay. Trial 2 used 96 Holstein steer calves (66.3 +/- 3.11 kg of BW; 24/treatment) that were 59 to 60 d old in a 28-d trial. These calves had been managed for their first 56 d in the same way as the calves from trial 1 before starting trial 2. Trial 2 evaluated increasing concentrations of Ca salt of flax oil within a starter blended with 5% chopped grass hay and fed with water free-choice. The 4 treatments were A) 0%, B) 0.083%, C) 0.167%, and D) 0.250% Ca salt of flax oil. In trial 1, there were no differences among calves fed the control diet and calves fed the diet supplemented with flax oil. In trial 1, average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly as flax oil increased in the starter from d 0 to 56 and from d 56 to 84, and hip width change increased linearly as flax oil increased in the starter. Serum urea nitrogen and serum glucose concentrations decreased as flax oil increased in the diet. In trial 2, ADG and feed efficiency increased linearly as flax oil increased in the starter. Serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations increased as flax oil increased in the diet. Supplementing a Ca salt of fish oil had no effect on any variables measured. Supplementing C(18:3) (linolenic acid) as a Ca salt of flax oil to the corn and soybean meal-based diet of dairy calves less than 3 mo old resulted in increased ADG and feed efficiency.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of changing the essential and functional fatty acid intake of dairy calves

Hill¹,

Bateman²,

Aldrich³

et al. 2009

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Adding more linoleic acid may be problematic, interfering with fatty acid metabolism, as reported by Liou et al (2007) and previously discussed. Added fat has been reported to reduce intake and ADG in calves (Miller et al, 1962;Caffrey et al, 1988;Doppenberg and Palmquist, 1991). Kuehn et al (1994) reported reduced intake and ADG when roasted soybeans replaced soybean meal.…”

Section: Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of various fatty acids on dairy calf performance

Hill¹,

Bateman²,

Aldrich³

et al. 2011

The Professional Animal Scientist

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The effect of various fatty acids on calf performance was evaluated in 3 trials. In trial 1, calves were fed a milk replacer with all animal fat or a blend of fats and with or without a blend of butyrate, medium-chain fatty acids, and linolenic acid (NeoTec4, Provimi North America, Brookville, OH) in a 2-by-2 factorial arrangement. Calf ADG, starter intake, feed efficiency, hip width change, and serum titers to bovine viral diarrhea and parainfluenza 3 vaccines were greater (P < 0.05) in calves fed NeoTec4. The rectal temperature increase after a Pasteurella vaccine was greater (P < 0.05) in calves fed the fat blend compared with those fed all animal fat and was less (P > 0.05) in calves fed versus not fed NeoTec4. In trial 2, calves were fed starters with A) 0.5% NeoTec4 10, 0% soy oil; B) 0.5% NeoTec4 10, 2.0% soy oil; or C) 0% NeoTec4 10, 0% soy oil. Calves fed starter A had greater (P < 0.05) ADG than did calves fed starter B or C. In trial 3, calves were fed 4 growers: A) control, B) 0.25% Flaxtech (Virtus Nutrition LLC, Corcoran, CA), C) 0.5% NeoTec4 10, and D) 1.5% soy oil. Calf ADG was greatest (P < 0.05) in calves fed NeoTec4 and least (P < 0.05) in calves fed soy oil. Hip width change was greater (P < 0.05) in calves fed NeoTec4 than in calves fed the control or soy oil diet. Addition of soy oil to starter and grower feeds reduced ADG, whereas adding NeoTec4 to milk replacer, starter, and grower feeds increased ADG.

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“…Cereal grains are traditionally used in concentrates for rearing calves (Caffrey et al, 1988;Fiems et al, 1985Fiems et al, , 1998. However, spelt has not frequently been used as a concentrate ingredient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%