The effects of micro arc oxidation of gamma titanium aluminide surfaces on osteoblast adhesion and differentiation

Abstract

The adhesion and proliferation of human fetal osteoblasts, hFOB 1.19, on micro arc oxidized (MAO) gamma titanium aluminide (γTiAl) surfaces were examined in vitro. Cells were seeded on MAO treated γTiAl disks and incubated for 3 days at 33.5°C and subsequently for 7 days at 39.5°C. Samples were then analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the Alkaline Phosphatase Assay (ALP) to evaluate cell adhesion and differentiation, respectively. Similar Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples were used for comparison. Untreated γTiAl and Ti-6Al-4V disks, to study the effect of micro arc oxidation and glass coverslips as cell growth controls were also incubated concurrently. The ALP Assay results, at 10 days post seeding, showed significant differences in cell differentiation, with p values < 0.05 between MAO γTiAl and MAO Ti-6Al-4V with respect to the corresponding untreated alloys. While SEM images showed that hFOB 1.19 cells adhered and proliferated on all MAO and untreated surfaces, as well as on glass coverslips at 10 days post seeding, cell differentiation, determined by the ALP assay, was significantly higher for the MAO alloys.

Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Titanium Implant Surfaces: Microgroove-Structures Improve Cellular Adhesion and Viability

“…Another factor found to help with cellular recruitment, particularly with the targeted osteoblast cells, is the incorporation of calcium and phosphate ions within the oxide layer. These incorporated ions promote osteoinduction by causing initial adhesion of osteoblast ligands (6,12). One generated surface in our study (PEO-3) showed the combined presence of incorporated calcium and phosphate ions, holding potential for osteoinduction.…”

“…Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) consists of an electrochemical treatment resulting in the production of a more stable ceramic oxide layer in comparison with anodic oxidation (6,(9)(10)(11)(12). As the name suggests, the PEO process is based on a local oxidation of a metal substrate.…”

“…applied potential, time, temperature, electrolytic composition), PEO can offer a vast variability of surface topographies (e.g. individually tailored for specific cell entities) and compositions (1,6). However, these surfaces have not been evaluated for their effect on living cells.…”

Cytocompatibility assessment of Ti‐Zr‐Pd‐Si‐(Nb) alloys with low Young's modulus, increased hardness, and enhanced osteoblast differentiation for biomedical applications

“…Suitable elastic properties, meaning a not exceedingly high Young's modulus, are among the key factors to be taken into account when evaluating the potential use of an alloy in bone implants. Alloys with a Young's modulus close to that of the cortical bone (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) GPa) tend to be more suitable for orthopedic applications, as this reduces the "stress shielding effect," a biomechanical incompatibility that can result in implant loosening. 1 Hardness is also an important property, and current efforts are focused on trying to synthesize new alloys with reduced Young's moduli, while maintaining or increasing their hardness.…”

Porous γ-TiAl Structures Fabricated by Electron Beam Melting Process

“…These assumptions were tested by in vitro experiments that showed γ-TiAl was indeed biocompatible with osteoblast cells. Santiago-Medina et al in a later work suggested that γ-TiAl's biocompatibility could be further improved with suitable surface treatments [15].…”