The effects of microgravity on the digestive system and the new insights it brings to the life sciences

Yang, Jia; Jiang, Nan; Li, Zheng Peng; Guo, Song; Chen, Zheng Yang; Li, Bin Bin; Chai, Shao Bin; Lu, Sheng Yu; Yan, Hong; Sun, Pei Ming; Zhang, Tao; Sun, Hong; Yang, Jian Wu; Zhou, Junguo; He, Yang; Cui, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2020.07.009

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Different Driving Resistances at a Constant Speed of 28 km/h. Figures 6 and 7 show the simulationresults of the proposed algorithm and other control algorithms [20][21][22][23] for hybrid electric vehicles. Figure 6 shows the relationship between the lost power and road driving resistance moment (TR) of hybrid vehicles under the five controllers, and Figure 7 shows the relationship between system efficiency and road driving resistance moment (TR).…”

Section: Steady-state Energy Efficiency Of Hybrid Vehicles Undermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moment Is Constant at 180 N m. Figures 8 and 9 show the Proposed Literature [20] Literature [21] Literature [22] Literature [23] Proposed Literature [20] Literature [21] Literature [22] Literature [23] simulation results of hybrid vehicles at different speeds. Figure 8 shows the relationship between lost power and driving speed of hybrid vehicles under the five controllers, and Figure 9 shows the relationship between system efficiency and driving speed.…”

Section: E Steady State Energy Efficiency Of Hybrid Vehicles At Diffe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e labeled data set used to support the findings of this study is available from the corresponding author upon request. Proposed Literature [20] Literature [21] Literature [22] Literature [23] Proposed Literature [20] Literature [21] Literature [22] Literature [23] Figure 9: Relationship between system efficiency and driving speed.…”

Section: Data Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A DSP-Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control System for Hybrid Vehicles

2022

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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Compared with other motors, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is small and occupies less space. At the same time, its weight is relatively light, so it is more in line with the development trend of hybrid electric vehicle (EV) drive motor lightweight miniaturization and has been widely used. This article studies a DSP-controlled PMSM control system for hybrid vehicles. Firstly, the motor drive control system is mainly controlled by DSP2812 chip. Then, a maximum torque current ratio control method was proposed to optimize the energy efficiency of hybrid vehicles based on PMSM. The longitudinal dynamic model of the moving hybrid vehicle was obtained by force analysis. Combined with the basic equation of PMSM and the transmission system of the hybrid vehicle, the mathematical model of PMSM-EV was established. The experimental results show that the maximum torque current ratio control method applied to hybrid vehicles can effectively reduce the loss, improve the efficiency and dynamic performance, and solve the endurance problem of hybrid vehicles to a certain extent. This advantage is significant in the dynamic acceleration and deceleration of hybrid vehicles.

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Section: Steady-state Energy Efficiency Of Hybrid Vehicles Undermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Steady State Energy Efficiency Of Hybrid Vehicles At Diffe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A DSP-Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control System for Hybrid Vehicles

2022

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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“…Crew operation has been blamed for other noise limit violations 19 . Existing studies have confirmed that the human body experiences certain physiological and pathological changes in space environments, which are mainly manifested as reduced bone density 20 , 21 , reduced orthostatic tolerance 22 , abnormal digestive function 23 – 26 , and immune dysfunction 27 . Moreover, the composition and activity of gut microbes may be changed after they were exposed to endogenous and environmental factors 28 , as well as the intestinal microecology of the organism, which may undergo adverse changes in space environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of combined environmental factors on the intestinal flora of mice based on ground simulation experiments

Sun

Yang

Wang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The composition and function of intestinal microbial communities are important for human health. However, these intestinal floras are sensitive to changes in the environment. Adverse changes to intestinal flora can affect the health of astronauts, resulting in difficulties in implementing space missions. We randomly divided mice into three groups and placed each group in either a normal environment, simulated microgravity environment or a combined effects environment, which included simulated microgravity, low pressure and noise. Fecal samples of the mice were collected for follow-up analysis based on metagenomics technology. With the influence of different space environmental factors, the species composition at the phylum and genus levels were significantly affected by the combined effects environment, especially the abundance of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, screening was conducted to identify biomarkers that could be regarded as environmental markers. And there have also been some noticeable changes in the function of intestinal floras. Moreover, the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was also found to be changed under different environmental conditions, such as bacitracin and vancomycin. The combined effects environment could significantly affect the species composition, function, and the expression of ARGs of intestinal flora of mice which may provide a theoretical basis for space medical supervision and healthcare.

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“…However, strategies to counteract the detrimental effects of increased free radicals by supplementing an anti-oxidative cocktail in manned missions have been unsuccessful ( Meerman et al, 2021 ). This disappointing result might be due to the altered intestinal absorption reported in space ( Yang et al, 2020 ) and to inter-individual variability, an issue that might be overcome by a personalized approach. Also targeting the gut microbiome, which is linked to food intake, with specifically designed probiotics or dietary supplements, could be useful, also in the light of an altered composition and function of the microbiome in space ( Turroni et al, 2020 ; Siddiqui et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: From Knowledge To Prevention: What Can Be Done?mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Cultured Vascular Cells to Vessels: The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Vascular Dysfunction in Space

Locatelli

Castiglioni

Maier

2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Life evolved on this planet under the pull of gravity, shielded from radiation by the magnetosphere and shaped by circadian rhythms due to Earth’s rotation on its axis. Once living beings leave such a protective environment, adaptive responses are activated to grant survival. In view of long manned mission out of Earth’s orbit, it is relevant to understand how humans adapt to space and if the responses activated might reveal detrimental in the long run. Here we review present knowledge about the effects on the vessels of various extraterrestrial factors on humans as well as in vivo and in vitro experimental models. It emerges that the vasculature activates complex adaptive responses finalized to supply oxygen and nutrients to all the tissues and to remove metabolic waste and carbon dioxide. Most studies point to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as mediators of vascular alterations in space. Unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these adaptive processes might offer hints to design proper and personalized countermeasures to predict a safe future in space.

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The effects of microgravity on the digestive system and the new insights it brings to the life sciences

Cited by 43 publications

References 71 publications

A DSP-Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control System for Hybrid Vehicles

A DSP-Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Control System for Hybrid Vehicles

The effects of combined environmental factors on the intestinal flora of mice based on ground simulation experiments

From Cultured Vascular Cells to Vessels: The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Vascular Dysfunction in Space

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