The effects of multi-pulse irradiation on X-ray laser media

Optimization of double drive pulse pumping in Ne-like Ge x-ray lasers

“…20 These codes have produced good agreement with recent experimental x-ray laser output. 12,21 We show that the enhancement of x-ray laser output is determined by the level of the prepulse and the time interval between the prepulse and main pulse. A critical irradiance of the main pulse needed to enable the prepulse techniques to enhance the output is found by varying the intensity of the main driving pulse irradiance.…”

“…8 Using prepulses to enhance the efficiency of generating Ne-like x-ray lasers has been demonstrated successfully in several experiments 9,10 and various multiple pulse irradiation configurations have been investigated. 11,12 Nevertheless, the experimental determination of the optimum pumping pulse configuration is very difficult and time consuming because of the numerous possible variables such as the time interval between pulses and the irradiance levels of the different pulses. Recently, different multiple driving pulse configurations involving short pulses (ϳ100 ps) have been experimentally examined using neon-like Ni, Cu, Zn, and Ge.…”

“…Recently, different multiple driving pulse configurations involving short pulses (ϳ100 ps) have been experimentally examined using neon-like Ni, Cu, Zn, and Ge. 12,13 It was found that when the pulse interval between a prepulse and main pulse is 4.5 ns and the irradiance of the main driving pulse is ϳ1.5ϫ10…”

Extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray laser emission from Ni-like Nd ions

“…Much effort has been devoted towards developing nickel-like X-ray lasers using a single long pulse [1,2] and multipulse drive configurations [3][4][5], but the resulting gain-length product and efficiency were, at first, still low. However, relaxing the density gradients in electron-collision excited X-ray lasers through multiple pulse pumping has proved to be effective in enhancing drive efficiency [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Modelling of Ne-like Copper X-ray laser driven by 1.2 ps short pulse and 280 ps background pulse configuration

“…Z-pinch capillary discharges have produced x-ray lasing at longer wavelength in neon-like ions [9][10][11]. Significant reductions in the wavelengths for saturated output have been produced because the necessary driving laser energy for collisional x-ray lasers is greatly reduced by using pre-pulse and multi-pulse irradiation [12,13]. In particular, hydrodynamic simulations and experiments [7,8] have shown that using either double 70 ÷ 100 ps irradiation or short ≈ ps driving laser pulses superimposed on long prepulses reduces the required driving energy and increases the lasing output of collisional x-ray lasers.…”