The Effects of Nitrate-Rich Supplementation on Neuromuscular Efficiency during Heavy Resistance Exercise

Flanagan, Shawn D.; Looney, David P.; Miller, Mark J.S.; DuPont, William H.; Pryor, Luke; Creighton, Brent C.; Sterczala, Adam J.; Szivak, Tunde K.; Hooper, David R.; Maresh, Carl M.; Volek, Jeff S.; Ellis, Lindsay; Kraemer, William J.

doi:10.1080/07315724.2015.1081572

Cited by 33 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…The greater potential of ergogenic value from ingesting 2 g/day of creatine nitrate would theoretically be due to the nitrate content [46, 63]. There are a number of studies that indicate that nitrate supplementation prior to exercise (e.g., 300 mg) can improve exercise capacity [9, 11, 17–20]. The amount of nitrate contained in the creatine nitrate supplement used (i.e., ~1 g/day) is more consistent with dietary recommendations to help control blood pressure [64, 65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PWS studied contained several nutrients reported to have ergogenic properties including caffeine [5], beta-alanine [6], creatine [7], nitrate [8–11], arginine alpha-ketoglutarate [12] as well as other nutrients purported to affect cognitive function like tyrosine [13, 14] and Mucuna pruriens containing L-Dopa [15, 16]. It is well established that consuming caffeine prior to exercise (e.g., 3–6 mg/kg) can improve exercise performance, cognitive function, and vigilance [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well established that consuming caffeine prior to exercise (e.g., 3–6 mg/kg) can improve exercise performance, cognitive function, and vigilance [5]. A number of studies also indicate that ingestion of nitrate prior to exercise (e.g., 300 mg) can improve exercise capacity [9, 11, 17–20]. Theoretically, ingesting these nutrients at effective doses prior to exercise may improve cognitive function and vigilance leading to better workout performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine for 8 weeks on training adaptations in resistance-trained males

Jung

Earnest

Koozehchian

et al. 2017

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

117

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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine whether ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement (PWS) with and without synephrine (S) during training affects training responses in resistance-trained males.MethodsResistance-trained males (N = 80) were randomly assigned to supplement their diet in a double-blind manner with either a flavored placebo (PLA); a PWS containing beta-alanine (3 g), creatine nitrate as a salt (2 g), arginine alpha-ketoglutarate (2 g), N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine (300 mg), caffeine (284 mg), Mucuna pruiriens extract standardized for 15% L-Dopa (15 mg), Vitamin C as Ascorbic Acid (500 mg), niacin (60 mg), folate as folic acid (50 mg), and Vitamin B12 as Methylcobalamin (70 mg); or, the PWS supplement with Citrus aurantium extract containing 20 mg of synephrine (PWS + S) once per day for 8-weeks during training. Participants donated a fasting blood sample and had body composition (DXA), resting heart rate and blood pressure, cognitive function (Stroop Test), readiness to perform, bench and leg press 1 RM, and Wingate anaerobic capacity assessments determined a 0, 4, and 8-weeks of standardized training. Data were analyzed by MANOVA with repeated measures. Performance and cognitive function data were analyzed using baseline values as covariates as well as mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Blood chemistry data were also analyzed using Chi-square analysis.ResultsAlthough significant time effects were seen, no statistically significant overall MANOVA Wilks’ Lambda interactions were observed among groups for body composition, resting heart and blood pressure, readiness to perform questions, 1RM strength, anaerobic sprint capacity, or blood chemistry panels. MANOVA univariate analysis and analysis of changes from baseline with 95% CI revealed some evidence that cognitive function and 1RM strength were increased to a greater degree in the PWS and/or PWS + S groups after 4- and/or 8-weeks compared to PLA responses. However, there was no evidence that PWS + S promoted greater overall training adaptations compared to the PWS group. Dietary supplementation of PWS and PWS + S did not increase the incidence of reported side effects or significantly affect the number of blood values above clinical norms compared to PLA.ConclusionResults provide some evidence that 4-weeks of PWS and/or PWS + S supplementation can improve some indices of cognitive function and exercise performance during resistance-training without significant side effects in apparently health males. However, these effects were similar to PLA responses after 8-weeks of supplementation and inclusion of synephrine did not promote additive benefits.Trial registrationThis trial (NCT02999581) was retrospectively registered on December 16th 2016.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine for 8 weeks on training adaptations in resistance-trained males

Jung

Earnest

Koozehchian

et al. 2017

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The PWS studied contained several nutrients at previously reported effective doses that have ergogenic properties including caffeine [4], beta-alanine [5], creatine [6], nitrate [7, 8], arginine alpha-ketoglutarate [9] as well as other nutrients purported to effect cognitive function like tyrosine [10, 11] and Mucuna pruriens containing L-Dopa [12, 13]. It is well established that consuming caffeine prior to exercise (e.g., 3–6 mg/kg) can improve exercise performance, cognitive function, and vigilance [1, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well established that consuming caffeine prior to exercise (e.g., 3–6 mg/kg) can improve exercise performance, cognitive function, and vigilance [1, 4]. A number of studies also indicate that ingestion of nitrate prior to exercise (e.g., 300 mg) can improve exercise capacity [7, 8, 14–17]. Theoretically, ingesting these nutrients at effective doses in PWS’s prior to exercise may improve perceptions of readiness to perform, cognitive function, and/or exercise performance leading to higher quality workouts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acute ingestion of a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without p-synephrine on resting energy expenditure, cognitive function and exercise performance

Jung

Earnest

Koozehchian

et al. 2017

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute ingestion of a pre-workout dietary supplement (PWS) with and without p-synephrine (S) on perceptions of readiness to perform, cognitive function, exercise performance, and markers of safety.MethodsIn a randomized, double-blind, and counterbalanced manner; 25 healthy and recreationally active male and female participants ingested a flavored maltodextrin placebo (PLA), a PWS containing beta-alanine (3 g), creatine nitrate as a salt (2 g), arginine alpha-ketoglutarate (2 g), N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine (300 mg), caffeine (284 mg), Mucuna pruiriens extract standardized for 15% L-Dopa (15 mg), Vitamin C as Ascorbic Acid (500 mg), niacin (60 mg), folate as folic acid (50 mg), and Vitamin B12 as Methylcobalamin (70 mg) with 2 g of maltodextrin and flavoring; or, the PWS with Citrus aurantium (PWS + S) extract standardized for 30% p-synephrine (20 mg). Participants had heart rate (HR), blood pressure, resting energy expenditure (REE), 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG), perceptions about readiness to perform, cognitive function (Stroop Color-Word test), bench and leg press performance (2 sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of 1RM and 1 set to failure), and Wingate anaerobic capacity (WAC) sprint performance determined as well as donated blood samples prior to and/or following exercise/supplementation. Data were analyzed by MANOVA with repeated measures as well as mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsNo clinically significant differences were observed among treatments in HR, blood pressure, ECG, or general clinical blood panels. There was evidence that PWS and PWS + S ingestion promoted greater changes in REE responses. Participants reported higher perception of optimism about performance and vigor and energy with PWS and PWS + S ingestion and there was evidence that PWS and PWS + S improved changes in cognitive function scores from baseline to a greater degree than PLA after 1 or 2 h. However, the scores in the PWS + S treatment did not exceed PLA or PWS responses at any data point. No statistically significant differences were observed among treatments in total bench press lifting volume, leg press lifting volume or WAC sprint performance.ConclusionsWithin the confines of this study, ingestion of PWS and/or PWS + S prior to exercise appears to be well-tolerated when consumed by young, healthy individuals. The primary effects appear to be to increase REE responses and improve perceptions about readiness to perform and cognitive function with limited to no effects on muscular endurance and WAC. The addition of 20 mg of p-synephrine to the PWS provided limited to no additive benefits.Trial registrationThis trial (NCT02952014) was retrospectively registered on September 13th 2016.

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Beetroot as a functional food with huge health benefits: Antioxidant, antitumor, physical function, and chronic metabolomics activity

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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Nowadays, a large number of consumers have a strong preference for the "functional foods" for the improvement of their eating diet and maintenance of their health (Jeffery, 2005;Shashirekha et al., 2015).Accordingly, fruits and vegetables are important parts of the healthy diet with the capacity of preventing several diseases (Jeffery, 2005;Shashirekha et al., 2015). In recent years, the beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) has become popular as a potential "functional food" within this context (Frank et al., 2005). In spite of the fact that the beetroot has long been used as a traditional cuisines in Europe, the understanding of the applied value is very limited. Today, with the development of preclinical trials, consumers have increased knowledge about the biological activity of beetroot. The beetroot is now widely cultivated to meet the increase in demand (Maity et al., 2016). In addition to being known as fresh vegetables, or as food additives in cattle products, beverages, candies, and dairy products (Georgiev et al., 2010;Vieira Teixeira da Silva et al., 2019), beetroot has also been found to possess the potential of treating and preventing multiple diseases. According to the database displays in the US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, beetroot is not only rich in proteins (1.68 g), carbohydrates (9.96 g), fat (0.18 g), amino acids (1.216 g), fatty acids (0.119 g), phytosterols (0.025 g), minerals (0.483 g), and fibers (2 g) per 100 g of wet weight, but also contains

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The Effects of Nitrate-Rich Supplementation on Neuromuscular Efficiency during Heavy Resistance Exercise

Abstract: Supplementation with an NR beetroot extract-based supplement provided neuromuscular advantages during metabolically taxing resistance exercise.

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine for 8 weeks on training adaptations in resistance-trained males

Effects of ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine for 8 weeks on training adaptations in resistance-trained males

Effects of acute ingestion of a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without p-synephrine on resting energy expenditure, cognitive function and exercise performance

Beetroot as a functional food with huge health benefits: Antioxidant, antitumor, physical function, and chronic metabolomics activity

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