Abstract:This chapter describes the effects of noise on animals in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Potential adverse effects cover a range of behavioral changes and physiological responses, including—in extreme cases—physical injury and death. The types and severity of effects are related to a number of noise features, including the received noise level and duration of exposure, but also depend upon contextual factors such as proximity, familiarity, and the behavioral state in which animals were exposed. The effects … Show more
“…Over the past decade, the literature has been rapidly expanding, demonstrating the effects of noise pollution on wildlife, including both terrestrial and aquatic organisms [ 12 ]. Increased noise levels can mask acoustic cues, distract attention, and induce stress responses, thus having the potential to affect behaviour [ 9 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…How the body counteracts behavioural responses to acoustic disturbances is quite variable, depending on several factors, such as the type, intensity, and duration of noise exposure, but also on intrinsic individual differences, such as susceptibility and tolerance, that are highly dependent on age [ 12 , 19 , 20 ]. Ageing is a complex and multifactorial process that affects nearly every aspect of an organism’s physiology and behaviour [ 21 ], and it is known to be associated with changes in susceptibility/tolerance to acoustic stimuli in both human [ 22 ] and animal models [ 23 ].…”
Noise pollution is creating a wide range of health problems related to physiological stress and anxiety that impact the social life of vertebrates, including humans. Ageing is known to be associated with changes in susceptibility to acoustic stimuli; however, the interaction between noise effects and senescence is not well understood. We tested the effects of 24 h continuous white noise (150 dB re 1 Pa) on both young adults and old zebrafish in terms of anxiety (novel tank diving test), social interactions (with mirror/conspecific attraction), and shoaling behaviour. Both noise and ageing induced higher anxiety responses in a novel environment. Since the old zebrafish showed longer bottom dwelling, acoustic treatment induced the opposite pattern with an initial increase in vertical exploration in the aged individuals. Both noise- and age-related anxiety responses were lowered when individuals were tested within a group. Regarding social interactions, both noise and ageing seemed to cause an increase in their proximity to a mirror. Although the results were not statistically significant, noise exposure seemed to further enhance conspecific attraction. Moreover, the interindividual distance within a shoal decreased with noise treatment in the aged individuals. This study is a first attempt to investigate the effects of both noise and ageing on zebrafish behaviour, suggesting the age-dependent physiological coping mechanisms associated with environmental stress.
“…Over the past decade, the literature has been rapidly expanding, demonstrating the effects of noise pollution on wildlife, including both terrestrial and aquatic organisms [ 12 ]. Increased noise levels can mask acoustic cues, distract attention, and induce stress responses, thus having the potential to affect behaviour [ 9 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…How the body counteracts behavioural responses to acoustic disturbances is quite variable, depending on several factors, such as the type, intensity, and duration of noise exposure, but also on intrinsic individual differences, such as susceptibility and tolerance, that are highly dependent on age [ 12 , 19 , 20 ]. Ageing is a complex and multifactorial process that affects nearly every aspect of an organism’s physiology and behaviour [ 21 ], and it is known to be associated with changes in susceptibility/tolerance to acoustic stimuli in both human [ 22 ] and animal models [ 23 ].…”
Noise pollution is creating a wide range of health problems related to physiological stress and anxiety that impact the social life of vertebrates, including humans. Ageing is known to be associated with changes in susceptibility to acoustic stimuli; however, the interaction between noise effects and senescence is not well understood. We tested the effects of 24 h continuous white noise (150 dB re 1 Pa) on both young adults and old zebrafish in terms of anxiety (novel tank diving test), social interactions (with mirror/conspecific attraction), and shoaling behaviour. Both noise and ageing induced higher anxiety responses in a novel environment. Since the old zebrafish showed longer bottom dwelling, acoustic treatment induced the opposite pattern with an initial increase in vertical exploration in the aged individuals. Both noise- and age-related anxiety responses were lowered when individuals were tested within a group. Regarding social interactions, both noise and ageing seemed to cause an increase in their proximity to a mirror. Although the results were not statistically significant, noise exposure seemed to further enhance conspecific attraction. Moreover, the interindividual distance within a shoal decreased with noise treatment in the aged individuals. This study is a first attempt to investigate the effects of both noise and ageing on zebrafish behaviour, suggesting the age-dependent physiological coping mechanisms associated with environmental stress.
“…One unexplored factor that might repel capuchins from the intertidal zone rather than attract them is noise created by the breaking waves, which also fluctuates depending on the tidal cycle. Such loud noises could disrupt vocal communication [ 80 ] between group members, and consequently be another trade-off faced by capuchins foraging in the intertidal zone. Figure 6 Evidence of tool use in the intertidal zone .…”
Terrestrial mammals exploiting coastal resources must cope with the challenge that resource availability and accessibility fluctuate with tidal cycles. Tool use can improve foraging efficiency and provide access to structurally protected resources that are otherwise unavailable (e.g. molluscs and fruits). To understand how variable accessibility of valuable resources shapes behavioural patterns, and whether tool use aids in the efficient exploitation of intertidal resources, we compared the relationship between tidal cycles and activity patterns of tool-using versus non-tool-using groups of white-faced capuchin monkeys on Jicarón Island in Coiba National Park, Panama. Although tool use on Jicarón is localized to a small stretch of coast (approx. 1 km), all coastal groups forage on intertidal resources. Using more than 5 years of camera trap data at varying distances from the coast, we found that capuchins on Jicarón showed increased coastal activity during specific parts of the tidal cycle, and that this relationship differed between tool-using and non-tool-using groups, as well as between seasons. Activity patterns of tool-using capuchins were more strongly and consistently tied to tidal cycles compared with non-tool-users, indicating that tool use might allow for more efficient exploitation of tidal resources. Our findings highlight the potential of tool use to aid niche expansion.
“…Auditory communication serves many purposes, including individual recognition, reproduction, maintenance of territories and social groups, facilitation of parental care and coordination of anti‐predator responses (Bradbury & Vehrencamp, 2011; Erbe, Dent, et al., 2022; Ghazanfar & Santos, 2004). The principles of acoustics and biomechanics constrain production of auditory signals so these signals can convey functional information about the caller such as identity, size, condition, sex, or age, although specific anatomical adaptations can modify or enhance acoustic signals (Taylor et al., 2016).…”
Acoustic communication occurs in all major groups of terrestrial vertebrates, having evolved independently in early clades of mammals, birds, geckos, crocodilians and frogs, about 100–200 MYA. There is little doubt that acoustic communication was used by ancestral therian mammals, but it is ambiguous whether the reconstruction of the root of the mammalian acoustic evolutionary tree includes basal prototherian monotremes. We present here five first‐hand accounts of dove‐like cooing sounds and analyse the acoustics of three vocalization recordings for two observations of wild short‐beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus) to quantitatively confirm acoustic communication by this species. The ‘cooing’ tones were quite distinctive from exhalations, wheezes and grunts, being ~0.044 s down‐sweeps from ~320 to 190 Hz, peaking at ~260 Hz, with at least one harmonic overtone. Tones occurred singly or as doublets, triplets (most common), quadruplets and quintuplets, with the leading tone typically the strongest and most broadband. We conclude that echidnas do produce vocalizations, but they are infrequent and acoustic communication is not their primary mode of communication. This unequivocal evidence for vocalization by short‐beaked echidnas resolves a long‐standing debate concerning the occurrence of acoustic communication by echidnas, which together with well‐documented vocalizations by platypus, support a very early evolution of acoustic communication amongst mammals, pre‐dating at least the common ancestor of monotremes and therian mammals.
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