The effects of octopamine on contraction kinetics and power output of a locust flight muscle

Malamud, Jean G.; Mizisin, Andrew P.; Josephson, Robert K.

doi:10.1007/bf00610971

Cited by 61 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The resting tension of a stretched muscle exhibits a phase-tonic time course due to muscle visco-elastic properties ( Fig.·6A) (Bässler, 1983;Malamud, 1988). We defined the amplitude of the phasic component of the response as the peak force induced by the stretch and, somewhat simplified (see Discussion), the tonic tension as the force at which the rate of change of force was smaller thañ 0.3·mN·min -1 .…”

Section: Isometric Muscle Forces Passive Muscle Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extensor tibiae muscle of the stick insect: biomechanical properties of an insect walking leg muscle

Guschlbauer

Scharstein

Büschges

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY We investigated the properties of the extensor tibiae muscle of the stick insect (Carausius morosus) middle leg. Muscle geometry of the middle leg was compared to that of the front and hind legs and to the flexor tibiae,respectively. The mean length of the extensor tibiae fibres is 1.41±0.23 mm and flexor fibres are 2.11±0.30 mm long. The change of fibre length with joint angle was measured and closely follows a cosine function. Its amplitude gives effective moment arm lengths of 0.28±0.02 mm for the extensor and 0.56±0.04 mm for the flexor. Resting extensor tibiae muscle passive tonic force increased from 2 to 5 mN in the maximum femur–tibia (FT)-joint working range when stretched by ramps. Active muscle properties were measured with simultaneous activation (up to 200 pulses s–1) of all three motoneurons innervating the extensor tibiae, because this reflects most closely physiological muscle activation during leg swing. The force–length relationship corresponds closely to the typical characteristic according to the sliding filament hypothesis: it has a plateau at medium fibre lengths, declines nearly linearly in force at both longer and shorter fibre lengths, and the muscle's working range lies in the short to medium fibre length range. Maximum contraction velocity showed a similar relationship. The force–velocity relationship was the traditional Hill curve hyperbola, but deviated from the hyperbolic shape in the region of maximum contraction force close to the isometric contraction. Step-like changes in muscle length induced by loaded release experiments characterised the non-linear series elasticity as a quadratic spring.

show abstract

Section: Isometric Muscle Forces Passive Muscle Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extensor tibiae muscle of the stick insect: biomechanical properties of an insect walking leg muscle

Guschlbauer

Scharstein

Büschges

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Author Manuscript Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, both somatic and visceral muscles are innervated by octopaminecontaining endings in several insect species (see, e.g., Hoyle et al, 1980). Physiological studies indicate that octopamine has excitatory modulatory actions at these muscles (Hoyle, 1984;Hidoh and Fukami, 1987;Malamud et al, 1988).Initially, biochemical studies were used to determine the presence of octopamine in ganglia and in individual neurons in lobsters (Evans et al, 1976;Livingstone et al, 1981). In insects, octopamine has been detected biochemically in a subset of well known dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons of the ventral nerve cord (reviewed by Evans, 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Octopamine immunoreactivity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

Monastirioti¹,

Gorczyca²,

Rapus³

et al. 1995

J of Comparative Neurology

185

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Octopamine has been proposed as a neurotransmitter/modulator/hormone serving a variety of physiological functions in invertebrates. We have initiated a study of octopamine in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, which provides an excellent system for genetic and molecular analysis of neuroactive molecules. As a first step, the distribution of octopamine immunoreactivity was studied by means of an octopamine-specific antiserum. We focused on the central nervous system (CNS) and on the innervation of the larval body wall muscles. The larval octopamine neuronal pattern was composed of prominent neurons along the midline of the ventral ganglion, whereas brain lobes were devoid of immunoreactive somata. However, intense immunoreactive neuropil was observed both in the ventral ganglion and in the brain lobes. Some of the immunoreactive neurons sent peripheral fibers that innervated most of the muscles of the larval body wall. Octopamine immunoreactivity was observed at neuromuscular junctions in all larval stages, being present in a well-defined subset of synaptic boutons, type II. Octopamine immunoreactivity in the adult CNS revealed many additional neurons compared to the larval CNS, indicating that at least a subset of adult octopamine neurons may differentiate during metamorphosis. Major octopamineimmunoreactive neuronal clusters and neuronal processes were observed in the subesophageal ganglion, deutocerebrum, and dorsal protocerebrum, and intense neuropil staining was detected primarily in the optic lobes and in the central complex.Keywords octopamine neuron; insect nervous system; neuromuscular junction; synaptic bouton; immunocytochemistry Biogenic amines as chemical messengers in the nervous system of arthropods are thought to play crucial roles in several aspects of their behavior (reviewed by Bicker and Menzel, 1989). Octopamine, one of the biogenic amines extensively studied in invertebrates, has been proposed as neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and neurohormone in a variety of physiological processes (for reviews, see David and Coulon, 1985;Evans, 1985Evans, , 1992 Address reprint requests to Dr. Maria Monastirioti, Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254.. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Bicker and Menzel, 1989). In crustaceans, octopamine has been implicated in the neuromodulation of rapid response circuits controlling the escape behavior of crayfish (Glanzman and Krasne, 1983) and in the aggressive and submissive postures in lobsters (reviewed by Kravitz, 1988). In a variety of insect species, octopamine has been implicated in both central and peripheral neural functions. It stimulates activity of the firefly light organ (Nathanson, 1979), induces flight motor activity, and acts as neurotransmitter/modulator in the locust central nervous system (CNS; Sombati and Hoyle, 1984). Octopamine regulates hormone release in cockroaches (Downer et al., 1984), induces lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in crickets (Fields ...

show abstract

“…They are thought to be analogous to noradrenaline and adrenaline, respectively. OA plays a role in in insect stress and flight, enhancing muscle performance (Malamud et al, 1988) and increasing glycolysis (Goosey and Candy, 1982). Furthermore, exposure to high temperatures may be eliciting a stress response in the bees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Octopamine and tyramine modulate the thermoregulatory fanning response in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Cook

Brent

Breed

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biogenic amines regulate the proximate mechanisms underlying most behavior, including those that contribute to the overall success of complex societies. For honey bees, one crucial set of behaviors contributing to the welfare of a colony is involved with nest thermoregulation. Worker honeybees cool the colony by performing a fanning behavior, the expression of which is largely influenced by response thresholds modulated by the social environment. Here, we examined how changes in biogenic amines affect this group-performed thermoregulatory fanning behavior in honeybees. Concentrations of two biogenic amines, octopamine and tyramine, are significantly lower in active fanners than in non-fanners, but there is no difference in dopamine and serotonin concentrations. Direct feeding of octopamine and tyramine induced a decrease in fanning responses, but only when both amines were included in the treatment. This is the first evidence that fanning behavior is influenced by these two biogenic amines, and this result is consistent with the typical role of these neurotransmitters in regulating locomotor activity in other insects. Individual variation in amine expression also provides a mechanistic link that helps to explain how this group behavior might be coordinated within a colony.

show abstract

The effects of octopamine on contraction kinetics and power output of a locust flight muscle

Cited by 61 publications

References 35 publications

The extensor tibiae muscle of the stick insect: biomechanical properties of an insect walking leg muscle

The extensor tibiae muscle of the stick insect: biomechanical properties of an insect walking leg muscle

Octopamine immunoreactivity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

Octopamine and tyramine modulate the thermoregulatory fanning response in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About