Abstract:Osteoporosis significantly impacts the normal life of the elderly and is reported to be closely related to dysfunction of osteoblastic differentiation. Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) is a critical transcriptional factor involved in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Omarigliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitor and this study proposes to probe into its possible therapeutic function against Osteoporosis by investigating its impacts on osteoblastic differentiation. Oste… Show more
“…ALP activity is associated with osteoblast differentiation and greatly influences the process of cell matrix mineralization in osteoblasts. 18 In the normal medium, we observed the effects of MAO, MAO+PDA, and MAO+PDA+NC coatings on ALP activity during culture, in which ALP activity was significantly increased in the MAO+PDA+NC group ( Figure 7E and F ), which further demonstrated that the MAO+PDA+NC composite coating has better osteoinductive activity. Figure 7 Osteogenic induction of the different coatings.…”
Introduction
The nanostructural modification of the oral implant surface can effectively mimic the morphology of natural bone tissue, allowing osteoblasts to achieve both proliferation and differentiation capabilities at the bone interface of the dental implant. To improve the osteoinductive activity on the surface of titanium implants for rapid osseointegration, we prepared a novel composite coating (MAO-PDA-NC) by micro-arc oxidation technique and immersion method and evaluated the proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts on this coating.
Methods
The coatings were prepared by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique and immersion method, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for different coatings; the loading of PDA was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); the ion release capacity of the coatings was determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES); the interfacial bonding of the coatings was examined using nanoscratch experiment strength. The cytotoxicity of the coating was examined by live/dead staining kit; cell proliferation viability was examined by CCK-8 kit; adhesion and osteogenic effect of the coating were examined by immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR; osteogenic differentiation was examined by alkaline phosphatase staining.
Results
The surface morphology of titanium implants was modified by micro-arc oxidation technology, and a new MAO-PDA-NC composite coating was successfully prepared. The results showed that the MAO-PDA-NC coating not only optimized the physical and chemical properties of the titanium implant surface but also significantly stimulated the biological properties of osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation on the coating surface.
Conclusion
These results show that MAO-PDA-NC composite coating can significantly improve the surface properties of titanium implants and achieve a stable bond between implant and bone tissue, thus accelerating early osseointegration.
“…ALP activity is associated with osteoblast differentiation and greatly influences the process of cell matrix mineralization in osteoblasts. 18 In the normal medium, we observed the effects of MAO, MAO+PDA, and MAO+PDA+NC coatings on ALP activity during culture, in which ALP activity was significantly increased in the MAO+PDA+NC group ( Figure 7E and F ), which further demonstrated that the MAO+PDA+NC composite coating has better osteoinductive activity. Figure 7 Osteogenic induction of the different coatings.…”
Introduction
The nanostructural modification of the oral implant surface can effectively mimic the morphology of natural bone tissue, allowing osteoblasts to achieve both proliferation and differentiation capabilities at the bone interface of the dental implant. To improve the osteoinductive activity on the surface of titanium implants for rapid osseointegration, we prepared a novel composite coating (MAO-PDA-NC) by micro-arc oxidation technique and immersion method and evaluated the proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts on this coating.
Methods
The coatings were prepared by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique and immersion method, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for different coatings; the loading of PDA was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); the ion release capacity of the coatings was determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES); the interfacial bonding of the coatings was examined using nanoscratch experiment strength. The cytotoxicity of the coating was examined by live/dead staining kit; cell proliferation viability was examined by CCK-8 kit; adhesion and osteogenic effect of the coating were examined by immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR; osteogenic differentiation was examined by alkaline phosphatase staining.
Results
The surface morphology of titanium implants was modified by micro-arc oxidation technology, and a new MAO-PDA-NC composite coating was successfully prepared. The results showed that the MAO-PDA-NC coating not only optimized the physical and chemical properties of the titanium implant surface but also significantly stimulated the biological properties of osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation on the coating surface.
Conclusion
These results show that MAO-PDA-NC composite coating can significantly improve the surface properties of titanium implants and achieve a stable bond between implant and bone tissue, thus accelerating early osseointegration.
“…It has been found that osteoblast differentiation requires the classical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway ( 14 ). It has been reported that some osteoblasts contain ALP, which can be used as a biochemical marker to assess bone formation ( 34 ); however, mechanical loading increases ALP activity ( 35 ). Thus, in the present study, it was demonstrated using ALP staining (AZO method) that the number of ALP-positive cells in the subchondral bone specimens, to be increased during the progression of OA from mild to moderate; in addition, in severe OA, there was no significant increase in active osteoblasts compared with that in moderate OA.…”
Osteoarthritis (OA) is condition which poses a main concern to the aging population and its severity is expected to increase with the increasing life expectancy. In the future, several possible targets for OA treatment need to be defined. dickkopf-related protein 3 (dKK3) is an atypical member of the Wnt-antagonistic dickkopf-related protein (dKK) family. The availability of research into the role of dKK3 in the abnormal remodeling of subchondral bone in human knee joints is currently limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was the evaluation of dKK3 expression in the abnormal bone remodeling of subchondral bone in human knee OA in order to clarify the role of dKK3 in subchondral bone remodeling and to acknowledge its potential relevance to β-catenin. In total, 38 specimens were collected from osteotomies of the medial tibial plateau of the human knee. The patient samples were then divided into the normal, mild, moderate and severe symptom groups, according to the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score. Following hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Safranin O-fast green staining for alkaline phosphatase (AZO method), changes in the distribution and number of osteocytes in the subchondral bone and the degree of sclerosis of the subchondral bone were observed. Immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence, western blot analysis and reverse-transcription quantitative PcR (RT-qPcR) were used for the detection of dKK3 and β-catenin expression level changes in osteoblasts in the subchondral bone of the medial tibial plateau. H&E and alkaline phosphatase staining revealed that the total number of osteocytes in the subchondral bone increased with the severity of the disease. The samples were also evaluated using Safranin O-Fast Green staining and were attributed a score according to the OARSI scoring system: The scoring number and cartilage damage increased along with OA severity. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that β-catenin expression in osteocytes increased from mild to moderate, whereas dKK3 expression decreased with the development of arthritis from normal, mild to moderate. According to the results of western blot analysis, β-catenin expression was higher in moderate OA and then decreased in severe OA. On the other hand, the dKK3 levels decreased along with the progression from normal, mild to moderate OA. The results of RT-qPcR demonstrated that β-catenin and dKK3 gene expression differed with the degree of OA. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that dKK3 and β-catenin may play opposite roles in OA subchondral bone remodeling.
“…All cell cultures were maintained in humidified 5% CO 2 incubators at 37°C. The growth of osteoblasts was observed under an inverted-phase contrast microscope [ 21 ].…”
The present research aimed to elucidate a convenient, safe and economic approach to induce the growth of endogenous bone tissue and bone regeneration. S-UNL-E was prepared using reverse-phase evaporation, and scutellarin encapsulation was subsequently compared. Meanwhile, the optimal preparation scheme was developed using an orthogonal method, and the particle size was determined using laser light scattering. In osteoblasts cultured in vitro, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were used to detect the osteogenic effects of S-UNL-E. The results indicated that the optimal process conditions for S-UNL-E included mass ratios of phospholipid-cholesterol, phospholipid-breviscapine, phospholipid-sodium cholate, and phospholipid-stearamide were 2:1, 15:1, 7:1 and 7:1, respectively, and the mass of ethylenediamine tetramethylphosphonic acid (EDTMP) was 30 mg. The average particle size of S-UNL-E was 156.67 ± 1.76 nm, and Zeta potential was −28.77 ± 0.66 mv. S-UNL-E substantially increased the expression of ALP osteoblasts, elevated the content of osteocalcin protein and promoted the formation of mineralized nodules. Cells in the S-UNL-E group were densely distributed with integrated cell structure, and the actin filaments were clear and obvious. The findings demonstrated that S-UNL-E greatly promoted the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts, and S-UNL-E (2.5 × 10
8
) produced the most favorable effect in differentiation promotion. In conclusion, the present study successfully constructed an S-UNL-E material characterized by high encapsulation and high stability, which could effectively promote osteogenic differentiation and bone formation.
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