The effects of operating a touch screen smartphone and other common activities performed while bicycling on cycling behaviour

More screen operation than calling: The results of observing cyclists' behaviour while using mobile phones

“…Specifically, they are more often looking down at their screens and operating their phones rather than calling. Secondly, it was observed that in line to earlier experimental findings (De Waard et al, 2014) bicyclists kept more distance from the curb when operating a telephone under these real world conditions. These results indicate that bicyclists operating a mobile phone may increase their safety margins (Summala, 2005) in terms of keeping more distance from the curb, which is a more immediate and constant threat.…”

“…These experiments found effects of phone use on lane control, lane position, speed, and object detection performance in peripheral field tests. Specifically, in terms of lane position, when operating a mobile phone, in particular when texting, and even more so when using a touch screen telephone (De Waard et al, 2014), users increased the distance they kept from the curb compared to conditions in which they did not use a phone. This could be risky in situations where cyclists shift position in the direction of other larger vehicles that they may be sharing the road with.…”

Bicyclists’ visual strategies when conducting self-paced vs. system-paced smartphone tasks in traffic

“…While a lot of research has been devoted to the use of mobile phones while driving cars (for summaries of the research see Horrey & Wickens, 2006;Kircher, Ahlstrom, & Patten, 2011;Regan, Lee, & Victor, 2013), the research in the field of bicycling is rather limited (e.g. de Waard, Edlinger, & Brookhuis, 2011;de Waard, Lewis-Evans, Jelijs, Tucha, & Brookhuis, 2014;de Waard, Schepers, Ormel, & Brookhuis, 2010;Terzano, 2013). The findings from vehicle traffic cannot uncritically be applied to cycling as there are many differences between the two modes of transportation.…”

Uso da bicicleta como meio de transporte nos estudos pessoa-ambiente

“…Dois estudos de delineamento experimental foram conduzidos em uma cidade holandesa a fim de investigar os efeitos de escutar músicas no comportamento do ciclista (de Waard et al, 2011) e os efeitos de operar um aparelho touch screen durante a pedalada (de Waard et al, 2014). No primeiro estudo, verificou-se que a velocidade da pedalada não varia sob influência do volume e da batida da música, ainda que a percepção auditiva do entorno seja negativamente afetada.…”

“…No segundo estudo (de Waard et al, 2014), o uso de aparelho touch screen foi avaliado em situações de enviar mensagem, falar ao telefone e jogar. Em consonância com o estudo anterior, identificou--se que a percepção de estímulos periféricos diminui com o manuseio do aparelho, aliada à diminuição da velocidade de circulação e à variação do posiciona-mento na pista.…”