“…The Ostwald ripening process of crystal growth was shown to replace spherulitic growth of vaterite crystals with the subsequent ripening of vaterite and further calcite formation which is determined by a dissolution–precipitation process . Under normal conditions, vaterite particles undergo phase transition into calcite form in aqueous solutions, since the thermodynamic stability of vaterite is lower than that of calcite. , Such transition occurs naturally over time, since recrystallization in solution provides possible kinetic paths for the transformation of vaterite crystals into more energetically stable forms of calcium carbonate. , One can control the crystallinity of the resultant CaCO 3 particles, as well as their size, shape, and porosity, by changing the synthetic conditions, such as pH values, reagent ratio, , temperature, , or viscosity of the reaction , or by adding organic and inorganic additives. − Also, the synthesis of CaCO 3 particles of different phases (vaterite, calcite, and aragonite) with control over size and morphology can be performed without additives using a vortex fluidic device. For example, Boulos et al investigated the influence of high shear forces on the phase behavior of CaCO 3 …”