The effects of peer ridicule on depression and selfimage among adolescent females with Turner syndrome

Rickert, Vaughn I.; Hassed, Susan J.; Hendon, Amy E.; Cunniff, Christopher

doi:10.1016/1054-139x(95)00225-h

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Ignoring strategies were cited by a number of participants as their preferred coping mechanism. Rickert and colleagues argue, however, that adopting ignoring tactics might not be the best response, as this method teaches children, who in many cases already lack assertiveness and social skills [Skuse 1987;Siegel et al 1998;Ross 2001;Sybert 2001;Elsheikh et al 2002;Frias and Davenport 2003], to walk away from confrontation and isolate themselves further from their classmates to avoid being teased [Rickert et al 1996]. The girls in our study who seemed unprovoked by their peers' efforts to hurt their feelings were the ones aware that they might be the target of hurtful words and were equipped with quick comebacks for each situation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turner syndrome: Four challenges across the lifespan

Sutton

McInerney-Leo

Bondy

et al. 2005

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

111

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Turner syndrome (TS) is a sex chromosome condition that occurs in approximately 1/2500 live female births. Despite the prevalence of this chromosomal condition, the challenges these women face throughout their lives are not fully understood. This qualitative research study aimed to characterize the subjective experiences of individuals with Turner syndrome throughout their lifespan, to investigate their concerns and obstacles, and to offer insight into the strengths and weaknesses of health care delivery, as they perceived them.Ninety-seven girls and women with TS and 21 parents consented to participate in this interview study. Interviews were semi-structured and open-ended in design. Questions sought to elicit responses relating to existing concerns associated with their condition and positive and negative health care experiences. Participants were divided into four age categories (childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and mature adulthood) to facilitate a comparative analysis across the age spectrum.Regardless of age, infertility was the most frequently cited concern followed closely by short stature. Sexual development and function and general health were also viewed as challenges by a number of participants in each age group.Although the relative weight of these four concerns tended to shift based upon the individual's age and life experiences, all four issues remained significant throughout the lifespan. Enhanced awareness of the evolving physical and psychological challenges faced by girls and women with TS may help health care providers improve the quality of life for these individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turner syndrome: Four challenges across the lifespan

Sutton

McInerney-Leo

Bondy

et al. 2005

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

111

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“…Similarly, despite possible associations between mood symptoms and the physical stigmata of TS, the presence of a webbing of the neck 41,42 or short stature 43,44 was not disproportionately represented in the women with mood disorders. Finally, our data did not suggest a difference in the risks for psychiatric disorders in those TS women with 45X compared to those with other karyotype abnormalities, including mosaic patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and lifetime psychiatric illness in women with Turner syndrome

Cardoso

Daly

Haq

et al. 2004

Gynecological Endocrinology

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Abnormalities in quality of life and cognitive measures have been observed in women with Turner syndrome (TS), and a relationship between these phenomena and chromosomal constitution has been suggested. In contrast, few studies have systematically evaluated the presence of mood and behavioral syndromes in these women. In this study, 100 TS women were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV after a two-week period during which their hormone replacement had been discontinued. The majority of women who met criteria for a psychiatric condition had a mood or anxiety disorder. Overall, 52 (52%) of the TS women met criteria for a current or a past depressive or anxiety disorder. Eighteen of the women with TS met criteria for a current Axis I psychiatric disorder [Depression -major (n = 5), minor (n = 5), dysthymia (n = 1); Anxiety (n = 9)]. Forty-six of the women with TS met criteria for a past Axis I psychiatric illness [Depression: unipolar (n = 41), bipolar (n = 3); Anxiety (n = 7); eating disorder (n = 6); substance dependence (n = 3)]. Five women with TS met criteria for an Axis II personality disorder. Women with TS reported a higher rate of lifetime depression compared with rates observed in community-based studies but similar to those obtained from gynecologic clinic samples.

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“…The factor related to these symptoms was teasing by peers about their physical appearance. Rickert et al [34], however, did not show any data on height gain or pubertal development during GH and estrogen treatment. Therefore, the discrepancy in results might be explained by differences in height gain or pubertal development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our group of TS women, after long-term GH treatment and estrogen substitution at a pubertal age, the results of the questionnaire show no significant signs of depression. A previous study on adolescent girls with TS treated with GH (100%) and estrogen (61%) described severe depressive symptoms in 20% [34] of the girls. The factor related to these symptoms was teasing by peers about their physical appearance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Functioning after Discontinuation of Long-Term Growth Hormone Treatment in Girls with Turner Syndrome

Pareren

Duivenvoorden

Slijper³

et al. 2005

Horm Res Paediatr

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It is common practice in the case of Turner syndrome (TS) to treat short stature with GH treatment and to induce puberty with estrogens at an age as close to normal puberty as possible. This approach in most cases leads to a height in the normal range in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood in TS. Little data is available, however, on its effect on psychosocial functioning. In the present study, we evaluated psychosocial functioning in a group of 50 women with TS, after reaching final height in two multicenter GH trials. Thirty-six girls participated in a randomized dose-response study from mean (SEM) age 6.8 (0.4) years, and 14 girls participated in a frequency-response study from age 13.2 (0.4) years. After discontinuation of long-term GH treatment, these 50 girls were evaluated for psychosocial functioning at a mean age of 18.8 (0.3) years. GH was given in a dosage of 4 IU/m²/day (∼0.045 mg/kg/day), 6 IU/m²/day, or 8 IU/m²/day. After a mean GH treatment duration of 7.1 (0.4) years, mean final height (ref. normal girls) was FH1.2 (0.2) SD score. Behavioral problem scores (Achenbach) of the TS women were comparable to normal Dutch peers. Although self-perception (Harter total scale: p < 0.01), and bodily attitude (Baardman: p < 0.05) was significantly less positive than for their normal Dutch peers, we found no evidence of depression. TS women rated their family functioning higher than their Dutch peers (p < 0.0001), and had a slightly different coping pattern. These results show that even after reaching a height in most cases within the normal range and puberty induction at a pubertal age, some women with TS still experience psychosocial problems. It is likely, however, that GH and estrogen treatment improved psychosocial functioning. Long-term follow-up of these GH-treated patients will allow an evaluation of their life achievements.

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The effects of peer ridicule on depression and selfimage among adolescent females with Turner syndrome

Cited by 47 publications

References 8 publications

Turner syndrome: Four challenges across the lifespan

Turner syndrome: Four challenges across the lifespan

Current and lifetime psychiatric illness in women with Turner syndrome

Psychosocial Functioning after Discontinuation of Long-Term Growth Hormone Treatment in Girls with Turner Syndrome

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