The effects of prenatal undernutrition and a high-fat postnatal diet on central and peripheral orexigenic and anorexigenic factors in female rats

Iwasa, Takeshi; Matsuzaki, Takashi; Yano, Kiyohito; Tungalagsuvd, Altankhuu; Munkhzaya, Munkhsaikhan; Mayila, Yiliyasi; Kuwahara, Akira; Irahara, Minoru

doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0593

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Recent studies in an animal model have shown that prenatal alcohol exposure leads to reduced feeding at all stages of development of Drosophila melanogaster due to reduced or eliminated neuropeptide signaling [39], but these findings were not confirmed in our study. Another study in rats revealed that hypothalamic NPY mRNA levels in the offspring of normally nourished dams resulted in lower levels of orexigenic factor compared to the offspring of undernourished dams [40]. NPY also affects lung growth after intrauterine growth restriction, which is often caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy [41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Levels of Hormones Regulating Appetite in Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Podgórski,

Galiniak,

Mazur

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Prenatal alcohol exposure is the cause of impaired growth and a wide range of developmental and behavioral disorders in the child. Improper eating patterns are commonly associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and may contribute to poor nutrition and growth restriction. To date, there have been only a few studies investigating the hormonal regulation of appetite in patients with FASD. We analyzed the levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), Agouti signaling protein (ASP), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and kisspeptin (KISS1) in 57 patients with FASD and 23 healthy controls. A comparison of the hormone levels studied was also performed in subgroups of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (ND PAE), as well as in males and females. We have found no differences in hormone levels tested between affected individuals and the controls and between FASD subgroups. In addition, sex had no effect on hormone levels. However, we identified some associations between hormone concentrations and parameters describing the clinical status of patients with FASD. Most of them concerned ASP, which has shown a positive correlation with age and hormones involved in appetite and metabolism, such as proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). We have also found a negative correlation of α-MSH with age, BMI percentile, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Furthermore, we found a weak negative correlation of NPY with HbA1c. Although FASD has been associated with impaired child growth and development, including nutrition and puberty onset, we did not identify differences in the levels of the hormones studied, which may suggest that prenatal alcohol exposure does not affect the levels of these metabolites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Levels of Hormones Regulating Appetite in Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Podgórski,

Galiniak,

Mazur

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…Some studies found factors such as prenatal nutrition, obesity, and stress may also affect hypocretin neurons [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Early life environmental factors can have a role in the damage of hypocretin neurons, supported by the seasonal predominance of birth (such as May and June) in patients with narcolepsy [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Prevalence and Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Narcolepsy—A Practical Review

et al. 2022

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Pediatric narcolepsy is a chronic sleep-wakefulness disorder. Its symptoms frequently begin in childhood. This review article examined the literature for research reporting on the effects of treatment of pediatric narcolepsy, as well as proposed etiology and diagnostic tools. Symptoms of pediatric narcolepsy include excessive sleepiness and cataplexy. In addition, rapid-eye-movement-related phenomena such as sleep paralysis, sleep terror, and hypnagogic or hypnapompic hallucinations can also occur. These symptoms impaired children’s function and negatively influenced their social interaction, studying, quality of life, and may further lead to emotional and behavioral problems. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention are essential for children’s development. Moreover, there are differences in clinical experiences between Asian and Western population. The treatment of pediatric narcolepsy should be comprehensive. In this article, we review pediatric narcolepsy and its treatment approach: medication, behavioral modification, and education/mental support. Pharmacological treatment including some promising newly-developed medication can decrease cataplexy and daytime sleepiness in children with narcolepsy. Other forms of management such as psychosocial interventions involve close cooperation between children, school, family, medical personnel, and can further assist their adjustment.

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“…Maternal protein restriction (8% casein) during pregnancy and lactation followed by a post-weaning HF diet (41% fat) induced an increase in the percentage of visceral fat, reduced insulin sensitivity, and increased food intake in rat males at 90 days of age ( Gosby et al, 2010 ). In an experimental design with Sprague–Dawley rats, Iwasa et al (2017 ) demonstrated that the consumption of a post-weaning high-fat diet (62.2% of calories from fat) induced an increase in the serum leptin level and a trend toward a reduction in the hypothalamic POMC mRNA level in the offspring of undernourished dams, whereas it had no effect on the levels of orexigenic factors or other anorexigenic factors. Male mice at 220 days of life malnourished during pregnancy and lactation and fed with a high-fat postnatal diet showed increased gene expression of POMC and MC4R in the hypothalamus and hypomethylation of the POMC promoter in the hypothalamus ( Zheng et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Postnatal Overnutrition and Development Of Cardiometabolic D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiometabolic Effects of Postnatal High-Fat Diet Consumption in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Protein Restriction In Utero

et al. 2022

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In recent decades, the high incidence of infectious and parasitic diseases has been replaced by a high prevalence of chronic and degenerative diseases. Concomitantly, there have been profound changes in the behavior and eating habits of families around the world, characterizing a “nutritional transition” phenomenon, which refers to a shift in diet in response to modernization, urbanization, or economic development from undernutrition to the excessive consumption of hypercaloric and ultra-processed foods. Protein malnutrition that was a health problem in the first half of the 20th century has now been replaced by high-fat diets, especially diets high in saturated fat, predisposing consumers to overweight and obesity. This panorama points us to the alarming coexistence of both malnutrition and obesity in the same population. In this way, individuals whose mothers were undernourished early in pregnancy and then exposed to postnatal hyperlipidic nutrition have increased risk factors for developing metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Thus, our major aim was to review the cardiometabolic effects resulting from postnatal hyperlipidic diets in protein-restricted subjects, as well as to examine the epigenetic repercussions occasioned by the nutritional transition.

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The effects of prenatal undernutrition and a high-fat postnatal diet on central and peripheral orexigenic and anorexigenic factors in female rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Serum Levels of Hormones Regulating Appetite in Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Serum Levels of Hormones Regulating Appetite in Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Pediatric Narcolepsy—A Practical Review

Cardiometabolic Effects of Postnatal High-Fat Diet Consumption in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Protein Restriction In Utero

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