The pharmaceutical industry is an economic branch that is primarily concerned with the production of pharmaceutical preparations, medicines and other products, and at the same time it is one of the strategic branches of the economy of each state. Observing the problem, through systematic analysis, the focus in the paper was put on the time interval in the last ten years when the privatization procedures were intensively implemented over the largest Serbian pharmaceutical companies. Through the econometric indicators, the influence and consequences on the current state of the pharmaceutical industry in the Republic of Serbia have been also highlighted. In the course of the research, through financial analysis, the most successful companies from the pharmaceutical sector of the economy of the Republic of Serbia are pointed out through the financial indicators the liquidity and the performance of the business were analyzed. Also, by economic and financial approach, the share that the former holders of the pharmaceutical industry had in production in relation to the current situation, where the processing sector prevails, will be highlighted.