The Effects of Pro-, Pre-, and Synbiotics on Muscle Wasting, a Systematic Review—Gut Permeability as Potential Treatment Target

Krimpen, Sandra J. van; Jansen, Fleur A C; Ottenheim, Veerle L.; Belzer, Clara; Ende, Miranda van der; Norren, Klaske van

doi:10.3390/nu13041115

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…A recent study revealed that the use of Lactobacillus species could improve the intestinal microbiota and reduce gut permeability [23]. According to Ohland and MacNaughton [24], probiotics improved the intestinal barrier function by increasing the production of mucus, secretory IgA and antimicrobial peptides, and increased tight junction integrity of epithelial cells and competitive adherence for pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics Supplementation Improves Intestinal Permeability, Obesity Index and Metabolic Biomarkers in Elderly Thai Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chaiyasut

Sivamaruthi

Lailerd

et al. 2022

Foods

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Intestinal integrity prevents the diffusion of allergens, toxins, and pathogens from the gastrointestinal lumen into the tissue and the circulatory system. Damage in intestinal integrity may cause mild to serious health issues, such as inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, neurological diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, maintaining a healthy intestinal barrier function is essential to sustain health. Probiotics are known for their ability to protect and restore intestinal permeability in vitro and in vivo. The multi-strain probiotics are more efficient than that of a single strain in terms of their protective efficacy. Therefore, the present study was planned and implemented to study the supplementation of probiotic mix (Lactobacillus paracasei HII01, Bifidobacteriumbreve, and Bifidobacterium longum) on intestinal permeability, lipid profile, obesity index and metabolic biomarkers in elderly Thai subjects. The results revealed that the supplementation of studied probiotics improved the intestinal barrier function (up to 48%), significantly increasing the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Moreover, the intervention improved obesity-related anthropometric biomarkers and short-chain fatty acid levels in human subjects. The current study strongly recommends further extended research to confirm the beneficial effect of probiotics, which may pave the way to formulate probiotic-based health supplements to adjuvant the treatment of several metabolic diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics Supplementation Improves Intestinal Permeability, Obesity Index and Metabolic Biomarkers in Elderly Thai Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chaiyasut

Sivamaruthi

Lailerd

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…Intestinal disturbance is one of the major factors contributing to the loss of weight mass and muscle wasting. 1,28 A recent study performed in cachectic rats showed the significantly reduced weight of the caecal and stomach content, and accelerated gastric emptying. 1 This study corroborates our finding that the weight of intestine and average faeces was decreased during PQ exposure while intestinal blockage of MyD88 rescued the loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MyD88 deficiency ameliorates weight loss caused by intestinal oxidative injury in an autophagy‐dependent mechanism

Liao

Wang

et al. 2021

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Gut health plays a vital role in the overall health and disease control of human and animals. Intestinal oxidative stress is a critical player in the induction and progression of cachexia which is conventionally diagnosed and classified by weight loss. Therefore, reduction of intestinal oxidative injury is a common and highly effective strategy for the maintenance of human and animal health. Here we identify intestinal myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) as a novel target for intestinal oxidative stress using canonical oxidative stress model induced by paraquat (PQ) in vitro and in vivo. Methods Intestinal oxidative stress was induced by administration of PQ in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and mouse model. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage, mitochondrial function, oxidative status, and autophagy process were measured in wild-type and MyD88-deficient IECs during PQ exposure. Autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) and activator (rapamycin) were employed to assess the role of autophagy in MyD88-deficient IECs during PQ exposure. MyD88 specific inhibitor, ST2825, was used to verify function of MyD88 during PQ exposure in mouse model. ResultsMyD88 protein levels and apoptotic rate of IECs are increased in response to PQ exposure (P < 0.001). Intestinal deletion of MyD88 blocks PQ-induced apoptosis (~42% reduction) and DNA damage (~86% reduction), and improves mitochondrial fission (~37% reduction) and function including mitochondrial membrane potential (~23% increment) and respiratory metabolism capacity (~26% increment) (P < 0.01). Notably, there is a marked decrease in reactive oxygen species in MyD88-deficient IECs during PQ exposure (~70% reduction), which are consistent with high activity of antioxidative enzymes (~83% increment) (P < 0.001). Intestinal ablation of MyD88 inhibits mTOR signalling, and further phosphorylates p53 proteins during PQ exposure, which eventually promotes intestinal autophagy (~74% increment) (P < 0.01). Activation of autophagy (rapamycin) promotes IECs growth as compared with 3-methyladenine-treatment during PQ exposure (~173% increment), while inhibition of autophagy (3methyladenine) exacerbates oxidative stress in MyD88-deficient IECs (P < 0.001). In mouse model, inhibition of MyD88 using specific inhibitor ST2825 followed by PQ treatment effectively ameliorates weight loss (~4% increment), decreased food intake (~92% increment), gastrocnemius and soleus loss (~24% and ~20% increment, respectively), and intestinal oxidative stress in an autophagy dependent manner (P < 0.01). Conclusions MyD88 modulates intestinal oxidative stress in an autophagy-dependent mechanism, which suggests that reducing MyD88 level may constitute a putative therapeutic target for intestinal oxidative injury-induced weight loss.

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“…Probiotics such as L. gasseri and L. reuteri have been shown to have a positive effect in mice with cachexia, by decreasing muscle atrophy, inflammation and by increasing intestinal health as well as survival [ [359] , [360] , [361] ]. Upon administration of these probiotics, the level of Lactobacillus spp.…”

Section: Dietary Interventions That Act On Body Weight and That Shape...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and body weight control: Weight watchers within?

Boscaini

Leigh

Lavelle

et al. 2022

Molecular Metabolism

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The Effects of Pro-, Pre-, and Synbiotics on Muscle Wasting, a Systematic Review—Gut Permeability as Potential Treatment Target

Cited by 35 publications

References 67 publications

Probiotics Supplementation Improves Intestinal Permeability, Obesity Index and Metabolic Biomarkers in Elderly Thai Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Probiotics Supplementation Improves Intestinal Permeability, Obesity Index and Metabolic Biomarkers in Elderly Thai Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial

MyD88 deficiency ameliorates weight loss caused by intestinal oxidative injury in an autophagy‐dependent mechanism

Microbiota and body weight control: Weight watchers within?

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