The effects of qualitatively different acute physical activity interventions in real-world settings on executive functions in preadolescent children

Jäger, Katja; Schmidt, Mirko; Conzelmann, Achim; Roebers, Claudia M.

doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2015.05.002

Cited by 68 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Alesi and Bianco (2016) in their stud show that a football exercise program to children there were significant differences between sport and sedentary groups in coordinative skills and executive functions as visuo-spatial working memory, attention, planning and inhibition corroborating with Alesi and Bianco (2016). Schmidt and Jäger (2015) in a group-randomized controlled trial stud affirm that the inclusion of cognitive engagement in physical activity seems to be the most promising type of chronic intervention to enhance executive functions in children, providing further evidence for the importance of the new studs. In general the activities and programs that improve children's executive functions (Hillman and Kramer, 2008) improving the 8-12 year-olds' cognitive flexibility and creativity, and significantly more so than did standard physical education (Diamond and LEE, 2011;TUCKMAN, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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2017

JPES

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Abstract:Problem: executive functions refer to the subject's ability to engage in goal-oriented behavior, performing voluntary, independent, self-organized and goal-directed actions, indeed, the general physical training, and the sports can enhance this functions, studys to determinate the effect of martial arts upon the executive functions in childrens are rare. Objective: to identify if the Karatekas has best executive functions that non karatekas. Methods: 66 volunteers were selected, including 36 male karatekas and a comparison group consisting of 30 non Karateka and non regular physical activity, with a mean of age of 11.26 + 0.95 years. The reaction time test and Stroop Test were used. The analysis of variance ANOVA TREE WAY with Dunnett's Post Test set up at 5% was used. Results: in reaction time for all ages, the Karatekas performed better; however, for selective attention and problem solving, 11-year-old karate children did not perform better, while for the other ages, the karate students were faster. Conclusions: Karate is an efficient tool for improving the executive functions of children from 8 to 11 years of age.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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2017

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“…[52]) indicating, for example, that participants with a higher level of fitness might profit more from acute PA in terms of cognitive performance (e.g. [21, 59]). The results of the analyses examining differential effects of the current study therefore seem contradictory to the literature on adolescents [59], because no moderating variables were discovered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, considering studies investigating the influence of cognitive engagement inherent in PA on the core executive functions, no study has revealed effects on cognitive flexibility. Concerning updating or inhibition (for an overview see, S1 Table), some have revealed benefits [7,18–20], some no influence for the entire study sample [8,21] and some have even found detrimental effects [22,23]. Given these conflicting results and considering the vast procedural differences between studies [4], drawing ultimate conclusions regarding the influence of cognitive engagement inherent in PA on executive functions is nearly impossible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies recommend systematically modifying the amount of cognitive engagement comprised in PA [21], whereby in most studies two completely different activities were investigated [7,18]. This seems problematic since possible confounders such as social interactions are not controlled and it is therefore difficult to attribute benefits in cognition to either the physical or the cognitive parameters inherent in the respective activity [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Cognitively Engaging Exergame-Based Physical Activity Enhances Executive Functions in Adolescents

et al. 2016

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The study aimed to elucidate the influence of cognitive engagement comprised in an acute bout of exergame-based physical activity on executive functions (inhibition, cognitive flexibility) in adolescents. Therefore, the level of cognitive engagement and the intensity of physical activity were systematically varied across three experimental conditions. Sixty-five healthy male adolescents (13–16 years) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (a) physical activity with high levels of cognitive engagement during active video gaming, (b) physical activity with low levels of cognitive engagement during active video gaming, (c) sedentary with low levels of cognitive engagement during passive video watching. Manipulation checks, including subjective and objective operationalizations of cognitive engagement, were applied. Executive functions were assessed before and after each condition using the D-KEFS design fluency test. Results showed that cognitive engagement, operationalized by subjects’ ratings and heart rate variability, differed between conditions. The physical activity condition with a high level of cognitive engagement resulted in significantly better performance in cognitive flexibility compared to conditions with low levels of cognitive engagement. Regarding benefits for executive functions in male adolescents, the results indicate that acute physical activity with high cognitive engagement could be more efficient than physical activity of the same intensity with low cognitive engagement. Even though further evidence is needed, these results extend previous research and suggest a methodological approach for measuring cognitive engagement.

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“…In addition, an adapted version of the Simon Task [69] will be used. The tests have already been successfully used in several studies [51, 65, 70] and proved to be sensitive enough to detect both acute and chronic effects in children between the ages of 8 and 12 years. The cognitive test battery will last approx.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitively and physically demanding exergaming to improve executive functions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomised clinical trial

Benzing

Schmidt

2017

BMC Pediatr

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BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders observed in childhood and adolescence. Its key symptoms — reduced attention, poor control of impulses as well as increased motor activity — are associated with decreased executive functions performance, finally affecting academic achievement. Although drug treatments usually show some effect, alternative treatments are continually being sought, due to lack of commitment and possible side effects. Cognitive trainings are frequently used with the objectives of increasing executive function performance. However, since transfer effects are limited and novelty and diversity are frequently ignored, interventions combining physical and cognitive demands targeting a broader range of cognitive processes are demanded.MethodsThe aim of the study is to examine the effects of a cognitively and physically demanding exergame on executive functions of children with ADHD. In a randomised clinical trial, 66 girls and boys diagnosed with ADHD (age 8–12) will be assigned either to an 8-week exergame intervention group (three training sessions per week à 30 min) or a waiting-list control group. Before and afterwards, the executive function performance (computer-based tests), the sport motor performance and ADHD symptoms will be assessed.DiscussionThe current study will offer insights into the effectiveness of a combination of cognitive and physical training using exergaming. Positive effects on the executive functions, sport motor performance and ADHD symptoms are hypothesized. Beneficial effects would mean a large degree of scalability (simple and cost-effective) and high utility for patients with ADHD.Trial registrationKEK BE 393/15 (March 8, 2016); DRKS00010171 (March 14, 2016)

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The effects of qualitatively different acute physical activity interventions in real-world settings on executive functions in preadolescent children

Cited by 68 publications

References 51 publications

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Acute Cognitively Engaging Exergame-Based Physical Activity Enhances Executive Functions in Adolescents

Cognitively and physically demanding exergaming to improve executive functions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomised clinical trial

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