The effects of resveratrol, a phytoalexin derived from red wines, on chronic inflammation induced in an experimentally induced colitis model

Abstract

1 Neutrophil infiltration, proinflammatory cytokines, eicosanoid generation and oxidative stress have been implicated in colitis. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound found in grapes and wine, with multiple pharmacological actions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumour and immunomodulatory activities. In a previous report, we documented that resveratrol decreases the degree of inflammation associated with acute experimental colonic inflammation, but its effects on chronic experimental colitis remain undetermined. 2 The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on the chronic colonic injury caused by intracolonic instillation of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) in rats. The inflammatory response was assessed by histology and myeloperoxidase activity. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) production, histological and histochemical analysis of the lesions were also carried out. We determined the production of prostaglandin (PG) E 2 and D 2 in colon mucosa, as well as cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 and nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B (NF-kB) p65 protein expression. Finally, since resveratrol has been found to modulate apoptosis, we intended to elucidate its effects on colonic mucosa under chronic inflammatory conditions. 3 Resveratrol (10 mg kg À1 day À1) significantly attenuated the damage score and corrected the disturbances in morphology associated to injury. In addition, the degree of neutrophil infiltration and the levels of TNF-a were significantly ameliorated. Resveratrol did not modify PGD 2 levels but returned the decreased PGE 2 values to basal levels and also reduced COX-2 and the NF-kB p65 protein expression. Furthermore, treatment of rats with resveratrol caused a significant increase of TNBS-induced apoptosis in colonic cells. 4 In conclusion, resveratrol reduces the damage in chronic experimentally induced colitis, alleviates the oxidative events, returns PGE 2 production to basal levels and stimulates apoptosis in colonic cells.

Protective effect of ellagic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound, in a murine model of Crohn's disease

“…Likewise, the upregulation of certain proteins, i.e. cyclo-oxygenase A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has also been implicated and considered important determinants of colonic damage [5,6].…”

Therapeutic Methods Against Insulin Resistance

“…Basd on the inflammatory effects of TNF-alpha and resistin in the insulin receptor of the cells, clinical evidences [121] have shown that we can utilize also resveratrol (trans-5,3,4-trihydroxystilbene) against insulin resistance. Because this agent increases the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decreases the plasma levels of TNF-alpha, interferon-gamma, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pro-inflammatory ILs [122][123][124]. Especially the plasma levels of TNF-alpha show a significant decrease [123,125] and so, resveratrol improves this dysfunction of insulin receptor caused by inflammatory adipokines.…”

Preparação e caracterização de suspensões coloidais de nanocarreadores lipídicos contendo resveratrol destinados à administração cutânea

“…1,2 Vários estudos têm destacado e comprovado os benefícios do resveratrol à saúde. Esta substância tem demonstrado propriedades quimiopreventivas, [3][4][5][6][7][8] antioxidante, 9,10 antiplaquetária, 11 antifúngica, 12 anti-inflamatória, 13 cardioprotetora, 14,15 entre outras. O resveratrol age como efetor biológico pleiotrópico que regula as três fases do processo da carcinogênese, ou seja, início, promoção e progressão do tumor.…”