The Effects of Sclerostin on the Immune System

Donham, Cristine; Manilay, Jennifer O.

doi:10.1007/s11914-020-00563-w

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Marrow adipose tissue - distinct from the white adipose tissue found in subcutaneous and visceral fat depots - is dynamically regulated with age, diet, hormones, and disease, though its function in skeletal homeostasis is still being determined ( 114 ). Effects of sclerostin on immune cells in the marrow, recently reviewed elsewhere ( 116 ), and on marrow adipose tissue may be best classified as paracrine, but we will discuss the available research on marrow adipose tissue here.…”

Section: Sclerostin In Adipogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sclerostin and Osteocalcin: Candidate Bone-Produced Hormones

2021

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In addition to its structural role, the skeleton serves as an endocrine organ that controls mineral metabolism and energy homeostasis. Three major cell types in bone - osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes – dynamically form and maintain bone and secrete factors with systemic activity. Osteocalcin, an osteoblast-derived factor initially described as a matrix protein that regulates bone mineralization, has been suggested to be an osteoblast-derived endocrine hormone that regulates multiple target organs including pancreas, liver, muscle, adipose, testes, and the central and peripheral nervous system. Sclerostin is predominantly produced by osteocytes, and is best known as a paracrine-acting regulator of WNT signaling and activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts on bone surfaces. In addition to this important paracrine role for sclerostin within bone, sclerostin protein has been noted to act at a distance to regulate adipocytes, energy homeostasis, and mineral metabolism in the kidney. In this article, we aim to bring together evidence supporting an endocrine function for sclerostin and osteocalcin, and discuss recent controversies regarding the proposed role of osteocalcin outside of bone. We summarize the current state of knowledge on animal models and human physiology related to the multiple functions of these bone-derived factors. Finally, we highlight areas in which future research is expected to yield additional insights into the biology of osteocalcin and sclerostin.

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Section: Sclerostin In Adipogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sclerostin and Osteocalcin: Candidate Bone-Produced Hormones

2021

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“…Therefore, in Vhl-knockout mice, HIF1 α is stabilized. In addition, reduction in sclerostin and concomitant increase in activated β -catenin was observed by immunocytochemistry, which indirectly further examines the link between sclerostin and B cell development ( 56 ). For example, absolute numbers of CD45 + hematopoietic cells and CD19 + B lymphocytes were significantly reduced.…”

Section: The Roles Of Sclerostin In Modulating the Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Roles of Sclerostin in Immune System and the Applications of Aptamers in Immune-Related Research

Sun

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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Wnt signaling is one of the fundamental pathways that play a major role in almost every aspect of biological systems. In addition to the well-known influence of Wnt signaling on bone formation, its essential role in the immune system also attracted increasing attention. Sclerostin, a confirmed Wnt antagonist, is also proven to modulate the development and differentiation of normal immune cells, particularly B cells. Aptamers, single-stranded (ss) oligonucleotides, are capable of specifically binding to a variety of target molecules by virtue of their unique three-dimensional structures. With in-depth study of those functional nucleic acids, they have been gradually applied to diagnostic and therapeutic area in immune diseases due to their various advantages over antibodies. In this review, we focus on several issues including the roles of Wnt signaling and Wnt antagonist sclerostin in the immune system. For the sake of understanding, current examples of aptamers applications for the immune diseases are also discussed. At the end of this review, we propose our ideas for the future research directions.

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“…However, we are unable to define the relation between sclerostin and inflammation as we did not check the level of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, this kind of association is still the subject of debate [11].…”

Section: Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%