The effects of slatted floors and manure scraper systems on the concentrations and emission rates of ammonia, methane and carbon dioxide in goat buildings

Cai, Liyuan; Yu, Jiangkun; Ji, Zhang; Qi, Desheng

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.10.015

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In recent years, intensive goat breeding has rapidly developed in the Jianghuai region of China, where the climate is characterized by high temperatures and humidity in summer [1]. The large amounts of heat produced by rumen fermentation contribute to the low tolerance that ruminants have against high environmental temperatures, hence goats in this region are prone to suffering from heat stress during the summer [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium butyricum Improves Rumen Fermentation and Growth Performance of Heat-Stressed Goats In Vitro and In Vivo

Cai

Hartanto

Zhang

et al. 2021

Animals

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Clostridium butyricum on rumen fermentation and the growth performance of heat-stressed goats. The in vitro fermentation was carried out using Clostridium butyricum supplement at 0% (CG), 0.025% (CB1), 0.05% (CB2), 0.10% (CB3), and 0.20% (CB4) of the dry matter (DM) weight of basal diet. Results showed that ruminal pH and the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, as well as the acetic acid to propionic acid ratio were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in CB2 and CB3 compared with the CG group. Additionally, significant increases (p < 0.05) in the degradability of DM, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were observed in CB2 and CB3 compared with the CG group. For the in vivo study, 12 heat-stressed goats were divided equally into three groups: the control (HS1) was fed the basal diet, and groups HS2 and HS3 were fed with 0.05% and 0.10% Clostridium butyricum added to the basal diet, respectively. The experiment was designed as a 3 × 3 Latin square. Similar effects on rumen fermentation and digestibility parameters were obtained with 0.05% of Clostridium butyricum supplement compared to the in vitro study. Moreover, the dry matter intake and average daily gain were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in HS2 compared with other groups. These results indicated that an effective dose of Clostridium butyricum supplement (0.05%) could improve the rumen fermentation and growth performance of heat-stressed goats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium butyricum Improves Rumen Fermentation and Growth Performance of Heat-Stressed Goats In Vitro and In Vivo

Cai

Hartanto

Zhang

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…The results of our study indicated that the CO 2 concentration in the rabbit house was higher than it was in the summer because of lower ventilation in the winter [36]. It had previously been reported that CH 4 emissions increased significantly with the air temperature in livestock houses [29,39,40]. Fecal fermentation was the main source of methane emissions in livestock houses, and methanogens were sensitive to temperature.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature On Nh 3 and Ghgs Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Under the given feeding conditions, if we want to control and reduce the NH 3 , CO 2 , N 2 O, and CH 4 concentrations in livestock houses to the greatest extent, we need to minimize the contact time and area between the manure and the air in the house and clean up manure as soon as possible after manure is produced. According to Linyuan Cai's report, compared to manual manure cleaning, the average NH 3 , CH 4 , and CO 2 concentrations decreased by 56.8-70.6%, 14.7-33.7%, and 12.0-19.6%, respectively, when a rapid manure scraper system was implemented [29]. If the manure was not removed in time, the contact area between the manure and the air would continue to increase, resulting in more NH 3 and GHG emissions.…”

Section: Effect Of Feces-cleaning Frequency On Nh 3 and Ghg Concentra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Manure Removal Frequencies and Deodorants on Ammonia and GHG Concentrations in Livestock House

Zhang

Shao

et al. 2022

Atmosphere

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In order to mitigate the concentration of NH3 and greenhouse gases (GHGs: CO2, N2O, CH4) in livestock houses, two experiments, one determining the ideal manure removal frequency by cleaning the feces from a livestock house once, twice, three, and four times a day, and one in which microbial deodorant and VenaZn deodorant were sprayed, were conducted in a rabbit breeding house. The NH3, CO2, N2O, and CH4 concentrations were monitored continuously with an Innova 1512 photoacoustic gas monitor during the experiments. The results were as follows: the manure removal frequency had a significant impact on the average concentrations of NH3, CO2, and CH4 in the rabbit house. Cleaning the feces in the rabbit breeding house two to three times a day significantly reduced the NH3 concentration, and, on the contrary, cleaning the feces four times a day increased the NH3 concentration in rabbit house; increasing the manure removal frequency significantly reduced the concentrations of CO2 and CH4 in the rabbit house. Considering the average concentrations of NH3, CO2, N2O, and CH4 in the rabbit house and economic cost, it was better to remove feces twice a day. The average NH3 and CO2 concentration declined significantly within 3 days in the summer and winter; the N2O concentration declined within 3 days in the summer but did not decline in the winter; and there was no effect on the CH4 concentration in the summer and in the winter after spraying the rabbit house with microbial deodorant. Therefore, it was better to spray microbial deodorant twice a week on Monday and Thursday to reduce the NH3, CO2, and N2O concentrations in rabbit houses. The NH3, CO2, N2O, and CH4 concentrations first showed a decreasing trend and then an increasing trend over 5 days in the summer and 7 days in the winter after VenaZn deodorant was sprayed in the rabbit house, and the NH3, CO2, N2O, and CH4 concentrations on day 3 and day 4 were significantly lower than they were on the other days.

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“…Certainly, a wider acceptance of slatted-floor elevated housing would be very desirable and profitable. The effects of slatted floors and manure scraper systems on the concentrations and emission rates of ammonia, methane and carbon dioxide in goat buildings have been also reported recently [37].…”

Section: Eliminating Fecal Egg Countsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fighting the Deadly Helminthiasis without Drug Resistance

Haenlein

Park

2020

Dairy

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Helminthiasis is a very costly management problem in the sheep and goat industry, because the gastrointestinal parasites develop resistance against all chemical products that are discovered and produced by the pharmaceutical industry. The use of natural herbal contents of tannin as especially in Sericea Lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneate) is very promising. Utilizing genetic differences in resistance among the different goat and sheep breeds is a promising alternative, with limited success to date. Totally eliminating the offending parasites from re-infesting by plowing under affected pastures for some seasons, or scheduling rotational pastures, or feeding fresh (grazed) or dried forms of the perennial warm-season legume sericea lespedeza to the infected sheep and goats, or using elevated housing with slatted floors are the most promising alternatives to the ancient tradition of herding and managing ruminants by transhumance. An elevated slatted floor housing is desirable, and deserves wider attention because of its potential in controlling helminthiasis. Slatted floors are already used in the sheep and goat industries in Sweden, Norway, Malaysia and Guatemala.

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The effects of slatted floors and manure scraper systems on the concentrations and emission rates of ammonia, methane and carbon dioxide in goat buildings

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Clostridium butyricum Improves Rumen Fermentation and Growth Performance of Heat-Stressed Goats In Vitro and In Vivo

Clostridium butyricum Improves Rumen Fermentation and Growth Performance of Heat-Stressed Goats In Vitro and In Vivo

Effects of Manure Removal Frequencies and Deodorants on Ammonia and GHG Concentrations in Livestock House

Fighting the Deadly Helminthiasis without Drug Resistance

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