The effects of smoking status and ventilation on environmental tobacco smoke concentrations in public areas of UK pubs and bars

Carrington, Joanna; Watson, A.F.R.; Gee, Ivan

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00324-8

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In their study of 60 pubs in the UK, Carrington et al (2003) noted that for pubs with non-smoking areas the median concentration of fine particulate matter is reduced only by 34% of that in the smoking areas. Another study evaluated the effectiveness of ventilation and partitioning to mitigate the effects of passive smoking, and measured CO concentrations as a marker of ETS, CO 2 as a general indoor air quality indicator, and air flow measurements to estimate ventilation and infiltration rates (Kolokotroni et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Branis et al (2002) measured fine particles (PM 1 ) in four different indoor environmentsFa lecture room, a restaurant, and two types of officesFand determined that the highest concentration was in the restaurant, which allowed smoking. Carrington et al (2003) sampled particulate matter and nicotine in 60 pubs in Greater Manchester, UK and found that pubs without designated smoking sections had the highest particle concentrations; that the presence of non-smoking sections reduced particle concentrations even in the smoking areas; that some exposure to elevated particle concentrations still occurred in the non-smoking areas; and that ventilation systems did not have a significant effect on the particle concentrations. Another study in Perth, Western Australia involved air quality measurements in 20 social venues that permitted smoking and found elevated carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter concentrations (Dingle et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An evaluation of the indoor air quality in bars before and after a smoking ban in Austin, Texas

Waring

Siegel

2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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This study assessed differences in the indoor air quality and occupancy levels in seventeen bars due to a city-wide smoking ban that took effect on September 1, 2005 in Austin, Texas, USA. We measured the following in each venue before and after the smoking ban: mean number of occupants, mean number of lit cigarettes, temperature, relative humidity, room volume, and PM 2.5 , CO, and CO 2 concentrations. Additionally, VOC measurements were conducted at three of the venues. There was not a statistically significant change in occupancy, but the best estimate PM 2.5 concentrations in the venues decreased 71-99%, a significant reduction in all venues, relative to the pre-ban levels; CO concentrations decreased significantly in all but one venue; and concentrations of VOCs known to be emitted from cigarettes decreased to below the detection limit for all but two common compounds. These results suggest that the smoking ban has effectively improved indoor air quality in Austin bars without an associated decrease in occupancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of the indoor air quality in bars before and after a smoking ban in Austin, Texas

Waring

Siegel

2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Mean levels of nicotine in smoking areas are approximately 90 g·m Ϫ3 (Table 1). This is 3 times the levels reported in bars in a review of US studies, and levels of nicotine in non-smoking areas are about 20 times higher than mean levels measured in residences in the US where smoking occurred [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

The Contribution of Environmental Tobacco Smoke to Indoor Pollution in Pubs and Bars

Gee

Watson

Carrington

2005

Indoor and Built Environment

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Smoking is currently allowed in most UK pubs and bars and smoking policies are self regulated by the hospitality industry through the Public Places Charter, which encourages the provision of non-smoking areas and improved ventilation. In this study monitoring of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been conducted in 60 pubs and bars in the Greater Manchester area to determine the effectiveness of different smoking policies. The ETS markers RSP (as PM2.5), UVPM, FPM, SolPM and nicotine were sampled at several locations in each establishment, using portable monitoring cases and analysed using established methods.ETS concentrations were significantly lower in nonsmoking areas in comparison to smoking areas, with reductions of between 27-69%. Bar areas had similar levels to smoking areas. The proportion of particles (RSP) that could be attributed to ETS was considerable even in non-smoking areas (43-55%) indicating that smoking was the major source of particles in these environments. The use of mechanical and/or air cleaning systems resulted in lower average concentrations of ETS markers in comparison to use of extractor fans or natural ventilation, but these differences were not statistically significant.

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“…Scientific evidence relating to this debate has been reported in a diverse range of publications such as the BMJ, Indoor Air and the CIBSE Journal. On inspection much of this reporting concludes negatively on the performance of ventilation systems [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation to maintain indoor air quality in smoking rooms

Snelson¹,

Al–Madfai²,

Geens³

2010

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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A number of legislative bodies in Europe have already made or are currently considering making policy decisions on the issue of smoking in public places. Policy alternatives have been discussed in Town and Country Planning. Scientific evidence relating to this debate has been reported in a diverse range of publications such as the British Medical Journal, Indoor Air and The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Journal. On inspection much of this reporting concludes negatively on the performance of ventilation systems. This paper uses a case study, Jack Bailey's public house in Wexford (high level supply and extract ventilation system), to demonstrate the effectiveness of a ventilation system in dealing with ETS that could be achieved in smoking rooms by monitoring a solid (PM 2.5), and a gaseous (CO and CO 2 ) constituent.

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The effects of smoking status and ventilation on environmental tobacco smoke concentrations in public areas of UK pubs and bars

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

An evaluation of the indoor air quality in bars before and after a smoking ban in Austin, Texas

An evaluation of the indoor air quality in bars before and after a smoking ban in Austin, Texas

The Contribution of Environmental Tobacco Smoke to Indoor Pollution in Pubs and Bars

Ventilation to maintain indoor air quality in smoking rooms

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