The effects of soman <i>in vitro</i> on catechol‐o‐methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase activities in rabbit tissues

Hsu, Chia‐Hsuh; Hu, Ching Yuan; Robinson, Casey P.

doi:10.1002/jbt.2570050308

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…During gut irritation, serotonergic signaling that terminate 5-HT3 action is diminished in the mucosa and lead to abdominal toxicity (Mach, 2004). Exposure to CWNA alters the concentration of neurotransmitters (Robinson and Hambrecht, 1988;Fosbraey et al, 1990;Hsu et al, 1990). An increase in the level of 5-HT was reported following CWNA intoxication, which can dysregulate the bidirectional communication between the gut with its ENS and the brain (Prioux-Guyonneau et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal bloating and irritable bowel syndrome like symptoms following microinstillation inhalation exposure to chemical warfare nerve agent VX in guinea pigs

et al. 2007

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While assessing the methylphosphonothioic acid S-(2-(bis(1-methylethyl)amino)ethyl)O-ethyl ester (VX) induced respiratory toxicity and evaluating therapeutics against lung injury, we observed that the animals were experiencing abnormal swelling in the abdominal area. Nerve agent has been known to increase salivary, nasal and gastrointestinal secretion and cause diarrhea. This study was initiated to investigate the effect of VX on the gastrointestinal tract (GI) since abdominal pathology may affect breathing and contribute to the on going respiratory toxicity. The mid-abdominal diameter and the size of the lower left abdomen was measured before and after 27.3 mg/m3 VX exposure by microinstillation and at 30 min intervals up to 2 h post-VX exposure. Both VX and saline exposed animals exhibited a decrease in circumference of the upper abdomen, although the decrease was slightly higher in VX-exposed animals up to 1 h. The waist diameter increased slightly in VX-exposed animals from 60 to 90 min post-VX exposure but was similar to saline controls. The lower left abdomen near to the cecum, 6 cm below and 2cm to the right of the end of the sternum, showed an increase in size at 30-60 min that was significantly increased at 90-120 min post-VX exposure. In addition, VX-exposed animals showed loose fecal matter compared to controls. Necropsy at 24h showed an increased small intestine twisting motility in VX-exposed animals. Body tissue AChE assay showed high inhibition in the esophagus and intestine in VX-exposed animals indicating that a significant amount of the agent is localized to the GI following microinstillation exposure. These results suggest that microinstillatipn inhalation VX exposure induces gastrointestinal disturbances similar to that of irritable bowel syndrome and bloating.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal bloating and irritable bowel syndrome like symptoms following microinstillation inhalation exposure to chemical warfare nerve agent VX in guinea pigs

et al. 2007

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“…Changes in the levels of other mediators. Soman not only increased acetylcholine levels by inhibiting cholinesterases but it changed the levels of some other neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin (rabbit tests) (18).…”

Section: Expositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral changes of laboratory animals intoxicated with chemical weapons

Bozakova¹,

Ivanov²

2018

TJS

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Chemical weapons have been used repeatedly in the history of humanity for wars and terrorist acts. They have caused major insults on human health and taken many lives. The most frequent tests for the effects of chemical weapons involve various laboratory animals that are known to experience behavioral changes and disorders. The purpose of this overview is to examine the most frequent changes and disorders in the behavior of laboratory animals-mice, rats, guinea pigs, cats, and various primates intoxicated with chemical weapons.

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The effects of soman in vitro on catechol‐o‐methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase activities in rabbit tissues

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Abdominal bloating and irritable bowel syndrome like symptoms following microinstillation inhalation exposure to chemical warfare nerve agent VX in guinea pigs

Abdominal bloating and irritable bowel syndrome like symptoms following microinstillation inhalation exposure to chemical warfare nerve agent VX in guinea pigs

Behavioral changes of laboratory animals intoxicated with chemical weapons

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