The Effects of Stocking and Removal of a Nonnative Salmonid on the Plankton of an Alpine Lake

Parker, Brian; Schindler, D. W.; Donald, David B.; Anderson, R. Stewart

doi:10.1007/s10021-001-0015-2

Cited by 81 publications

(97 citation statements)

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“…As such, the model assumes that the temporary presence of fish does not permanently change the ecological suitability of the habitat with respect to recovering zooplankton species, for example, by allowing species to invade that prey on or compete with recovering species (i.e., there are no alternative equilibria). Pelagic predators, such as cyclopoid copepods and Chaoborus (Parker et al 2001), that could conceivably prey on juvenile H. shoshone or D. middendorffiana are essentially absent from the class of lakes we consider in this paper, namely lakes above 3,300 m in the Sierra Nevada (see Results). Indeed, H. shoshone is the only predatory zooplankter that is common in such lakes (Knapp et al 2001b).…”

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confidence: 95%

“…In both the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada of North America, the cessation of fish stocking has, in a few cases, been sufficient to eliminate exotic fish populations, allowing opportunities to study the recovery of invertebrate assemblages Knapp et al 2001b). Recovery of zooplankton is facilitated by the presence of a bank of diapausing eggs in the sediments (Hairston and De Stasio 1988;Parker et al 2001), whereas insect recovery is fostered by winged adult stages.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the structure of the prefish zooplankton assemblage was not known with certainty but was assumed to be equivalent to that in never-stocked lakes (see also Donald et al 2001). In contrast, more detailed analyses of smaller numbers of lakes with known prefish zooplankton composition have revealed that large species of cal-anoid copepods (Hesperodiaptomus shoshone in the Sierra Nevada, H. arcticus in the Rocky Mountains) do not always return after fish disappear from alpine lakes (Knapp et al 2001b;Parker et al 2001). Moreover, a recent analysis of 36 Sierra Nevada lakes with known fish and zooplankton histories found that the recovery rate of H. shoshone was considerably lower than that of Daphnia middendorffiana (58% vs. 84% recovery, respectively; Knapp and Sarnelle unpubl.…”

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Zooplankton recovery after fish removal: Limitations of the egg bank

Sarnelle

Knapp²

2004

Limnology & Oceanography

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The Allee effect, operating via mate limitation, theoretically reduces the probability of recovery from local extinction of dioecious zooplankton relative to species that can reproduce asexually. We removed fish from four alpine lakes in the Sierra Nevada in which both Hesperodiaptomus shoshone (a calanoid copepod) and Daphnia middendorffiana were historically present but had become locally extinct after fish stocking. After complete fish removal, D. middendorffiana returned to all four lakes, whereas H. shoshone failed to return in any of the lakes, despite diapausing eggs observed in the sediments of two lakes and a few individuals in the water column of one lake during the first summer after fish removal. We estimated the potential magnitude of the Allee effect, as it may have affected the recovery of H. shoshone, by comparing estimates of minimum founding population size of H. shoshone with estimates of actual founding population sizes of D. middendorffiana. It took 4 yr for D. middendorffiana to recover to detectable levels in one of the four lakes, which we suggest was the result of a very small founding population. The latter was three to four orders of magnitude smaller than the minimum founding population size we calculated for H. shoshone, indicating the potential for a large effect of mate limitation on the copepod's ability to recover. H. shoshone might never return to these lakes without human intervention because of the combined effects of mate limitation and low rates of overland dispersal.

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Zooplankton recovery after fish removal: Limitations of the egg bank

Sarnelle

Knapp²

2004

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…That information is particularly valuable for understanding the effects of prédation by fish through natural variability, but also to evaluate the integrity of the systems (Angermeier and Karr 1994). Much effort is being expended to restore naturally fishless lakes to their original state in cases where fish have been introduced (Drake and Naiman 2000;Parker et al 2001). The assessment of diversity and community structure could be of great interest for management to recreate self-sustainable systems representative of the native biota (Angermeier and Karr 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparaison des communautés d'invertébrés entre des lacs avec et sans omble de fontaine (Salvelinus fontinalis) /

Drouin¹

2006

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SEPTEMBRE 2006 Mise en garde/AdviceAfin de rendre accessible au plus grand nombre le résultat des travaux de recherche menés par ses étudiants gradués et dans l'esprit des règles qui régissent le dépôt et la diffusion des mémoires et thèses produits dans cette Institution, l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC) est fière de rendre accessible une version complète et gratuite de cette oeuvre.Motivated by a desire to make the results of its graduate students' research accessible to all, and in accordance with the rules governing the acceptation and diffusion of dissertations and theses in this Institution, the Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC) is proud to make a complete version of this work available at no cost to the reader.L'auteur conserve néanmoins la propriété du droit d'auteur qui protège ce mémoire ou cette thèse. Ni le mémoire ou la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de ceux-ci ne peuvent être imprimés ou autrement reproduits sans son autorisation.The author retains ownership of the copyright of this dissertation or thesis. Neither the dissertation or thesis, nor substantial extracts from it, may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission.11 RESUME Suite à la dernière glaciation, certains lacs en tête de bassins versants de la région du Saguenay n'ont naturellement jamais été colonisés par les poissons. Les conditions physico-chimiques de ces lacs sont favorables à la survie des poissons et plusieurs d'entre eux ont déjà été ensemencés avec succès au profit de la pêche sportive. Toutefois, l'influence de cette activité sur l'intégrité biotique et la diversité biologique demeure inconnue. L'absence de poisson au sommet de la chaîne trophique peut influencer l'abondance des organismes, mais aussi la diversité et les assemblages d'espèces. De plus, l'importance des lacs sans poissons au sein de l'écosystème boréal est encore inconnue. Par exemple, les lacs sans poissons pourraient être un élément important impliqué dans la conservation de la population de l'est du

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“…Even when fish are absent, zooplankton taxa have been shown to shift towards smaller-bodied taxa as a phenotypic response when fish cues are present (Stibor 1992), suggesting that fish have a multitude of complex effects on aquatic communities. Several studies have shown that recovery is possible for many of these communities once fish are removed (Knapp and 5 Matthews 2000, Parker et al 2001, Hoffman et al 2004; however the duration of the disturbance may influence the rate of recovery .…”

Section: Stressors: Fish Introductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Response of Zooplankton Communities in Montane Lakes of Different Fish Stocking Histories to Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition Simulations

Brittain¹

2000

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Freshwater ecosystems are subject to a wide variety of stressors, which can have complex interactions and result in ecological surprises. Non-native fish introductions have drastically reduced the number of naturally fishless lakes and have resulted in cascading food web repercussions in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Additional anthropogenic influences that result from increases in global airborne emissions also threaten wildlife habitat. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition has been recognized as an anthropogenic contributor to acidification and eutrophication of wilderness ecosystems.Planktonic communities have shown declines in response to predation and shifts in composition as a result of nutrient inputs and acidification, both of which are potential fates of nitrogen deposition. This study identified the response of zooplankton communities from two lakes (fish present vs. absent) in Mount Rainier National Park to manipulations simulating an episodic disturbance event in mesocosms. The experiment used a 2 x 2 factorial design with acid and nitrogen treatments. Treatments resulted in significantly elevated nitrogen and decreased pH conditions from control mesocosms over 42 days, indicating that the treatment effects were achieved. Results indicate that zooplankton communities from lakes with different food web structure respond differently to the singular effects of acid and nitrogen addition. Surprisingly, the interaction of the two stressors was related to increases in community metrics (e.g., abundance, biomass, body size, richness, and Shannon-Weiner diversity) for both lake types. This work can aid management decisions as agencies look to restore more aquatic montane habitats to their historic fishless states, and assess their abilities to recover and afford resistance to atmospheric pollution.ii

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The Effects of Stocking and Removal of a Nonnative Salmonid on the Plankton of an Alpine Lake

Cited by 81 publications

References 31 publications

Zooplankton recovery after fish removal: Limitations of the egg bank

Zooplankton recovery after fish removal: Limitations of the egg bank

Comparaison des communautés d'invertébrés entre des lacs avec et sans omble de fontaine (Salvelinus fontinalis) /

The Response of Zooplankton Communities in Montane Lakes of Different Fish Stocking Histories to Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition Simulations

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